Mesenteric Vessels and Lymphatics

Flashcards based on lecture notes about mesenteric vessels and lymphatics.

What area does the celiac trunk supply?

Supplies all structures developing from the foregut.

What area does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

Supplies all structures developing from the midgut.

What area does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

Supplies all structures developing from the hindgut.

At what level does the abdominal aorta formally end?

At approximately the level of vertebra L4. It bifurcates to form the common iliac arteries.

What part of the gastrointestinal tract does the celiac artery supply?

The lower one third of the esophagus to middle of the second part of the duodenum.

What part of the gastrointestinal tract does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

The middle of the second part of the duodenum to proximal two third of the transverse colon.

What part of the gastrointestinal tract does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

The large intestine from the distal one third of the transverse colon to halfway down the rectum.

Name the 3 major branches of the celiac trunk.

Left gastric, Common hepatic, and Splenic.

What does the left gastric run along the lesser curvature to do?

To anastomose with right gastric.

What does the common hepatic divide into?

Hepatic proper & gastroduodenal.

Where is the cystic artery to the gall bladder found?

Triangle of Calot's.

Name the branches of the splenic artery.

Major Pancreatic artery, left gastroepiploic artery, and short gastric artery.

During an open splenectomy, a surgeon is carefully dissecting through the lienogastric (gastrosplenic) ligament. Which artery, running through this ligament, could be accidentally ligated?

Left gastroepiploic artery.

Where does the superior mesenteric artery come off between?

Between head of pancreas and uncinate process of pancreas and passes over 3rd part of duodenum to enter the root of mesentery.

What will compress the superior mesenteric artery?

A growing tumor in the uncinated process of the pancreas will compress SMA.

Name the branches of the superior mesenteric artery.

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal, Jejunal and Ileal branches, Middle colic, Right colic, and Ileocolic.

An exploratory laparotomy reveals large amounts of blood in the peritoneal cavity due to an injury to a vessel during the appendectomy. Which vessel could be injured?

Ileocolic artery or posterior caecal.

A 58-year-old woman with colon cancer is undergoing a right hemicolectomy involving the resection of the ascending colon. Which arterial branch must be ligated to prevent excessive bleeding?

Right colic artery.

Name what the Inferior mesenteric artery gives off.

Left Colic, Multiple sigmoidal branches and Superior Rectal continuation as terminal branch.

Name what the marginal artery (Drummond) is formed by anastomosis between.

Ileocolic, Right colic, Middle colic, Left colic and Sigmoidal.

What is the primary function of the marginal artery of Drummond?

To provide a reliable collateral blood supply to the colon.

What is a symptom of Mesenteric Angina?

Pain in abdomen 30 minutes after meal.

What is an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

Localized enlargement of the aorta.

What drains to the liver by the portal venous?

The blood from the greater part of the gastrointestinal tract and its accessory organs drains to the liver.

Where is the portal vein formed?

Behind the neck of the pancreas by the union of the SMV and splenic vein.

What does the splenic vein receive?

Short gastric, Lt. gastroepiploic v., IMV, pancreatic vein.

What does the SMV receive?

Jejunal, ileal, ileocolic, Rt. colic, middle colic, Rt. gastroepeploic vein, Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal, Pancreaticoduodenal veins

What does the inferior mesenteric vein receive?

Superior rectal vein, sigmoid vein, and Lt. colic vein.

Which parts of the GI does the Lt. Gastric Vein drain?

Left portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach and the distal part of the esophagus.

Where does the Rt. Gastric Vein drain?

directly into the portal vein.

A 55-year-old male with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis presents with hematemesis and melena. Endoscopy reveals dilated veins in the ____.

Distal esophagus.

What vascular anastomoses is most likely responsible for the a 55-year-old male with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis who presents with hematemesis and melena and dilated veins in the distal esophagus?

Esophageal branch of left gastric (portal) with esophageal branches of azygous (systemic).

Give examples of Preaortic LN.

Celiac, SMA, IMA.

What do the Lateral aortic (Para-aortic or Lumbar) drain?

Kidneys, suprarenal, gonads, uterine tube, fundus of the uterus, deep lymph vessels of the abdominal wall, common Iliac LNs.

What does the Thoracic Duct in the Abdomen commence as?

Cisterna Chylli.

Portal hypertension.

A condition characterized by increased blood pressure in the portal venous system, often caused by liver disease or obstruction.

Ascites

The accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, which leads to seepage in the peritoneal cavity.

How does varicose veins occur?

Varicose veins occur when veins become enlarged and twisted due to weakened valves, leading to improper blood flow and pooling in the veins.

Pre-hepatic occlusion

A blockage in the portal venous system that occurs before blood reaches the liver, often due to factors such as thrombosis or extrinsic compression.

Intrahepatic occlusion

A blockage within the liver's blood vessels, which can be caused by liver cirrhosis, tumors, or inflammation, affecting blood flow to and from the liver.

Posthepatic occlusion

A blockage in the hepatic veins or inferior vena cava after blood has passed through the liver, often resulting from conditions like thrombosis or constrictive pericarditis.

Portocaval anastamosis

A surgical connection between the portal vein and the inferior vena cava, created to bypass portal hypertension and relieve pressure in the portal venous system.

Hematemesis

The vomiting of blood, which can indicate the rupture of esophageal varices.