Med Term Ch. 3- Textbook Flashcards

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Bones

Act as the framework for the body, protect the internal organs, and store calcium.

lamina

posterior part of vertebrae; attachments for muscles and tendons

fibrous joints aka

aka sutures

mastoid process

bony projection on temporal bones below ears

foramen magnum

spinal cord passes through occipital bone here

meniscus

curved, fibrous cartilage

end-

within

alternate name for spongy bone

cancellous bone alternate name

alternate name for compact bone

cortical bone alternate name

peri-

surrounding

Bone Marrow

Red bone marrow helps form red blood cells. Yellow bone marrow stores fat.

Cartilage

Creates a smooth surface for motion within the joints and protects the ends of the bones.

Joints

Work with the muscles to make a variety of motions possible.

ossification

bone formation

Ligaments

Connect one bone to another.

Synovial Membrane

Forms the lining of synovial joints and secretes synovial fluid.

Synovial Fluid

Lubricant that makes smooth joint movements possible.

Bursa

Cushions areas subject to friction during movement.

hemarthrosis

A condition involving bleeding into a joint.

hemopoietic

Relating to the formation of blood cells.

internal fixation

A surgical procedure to stabilize and heal broken bones.

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

A type of arthritis that occurs in children.

kyphosis

A condition characterized by an excessive outward curvature of the spine.

laminectomy

A surgical procedure to remove the lamina of a vertebra.

lordosis

An excessive inward curvature of the spine.

lumbago

Pain in the lower back.

malleolus

The bony prominence on each side of the ankle.

ankyl/o

Crooked, bent, stiff.

manubrium

The upper part of the sternum.

arthr/o

Joint.

metacarpals

The five bones of the hand.

burs/o

Bursa.

metatarsals

The five bones of the foot.

chondr/i, chondr/o

Cartilage.

myeloma

A type of cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow.

cost/o

Rib.

open fracture

A fracture where the bone breaks through the skin.

crani/o

Skull.

orthopedic surgeon

A medical doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.

-desis

To bind, tie together.

orthotic

A device used to support, align, or improve the function of movable parts of the body.

kyph/o

Bent, hump.

osteitis

Inflammation of bone.

lord/o

Curve, swayback, bent.

osteoarthritis

A degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage.

-lysis

Loosening or setting free.

osteochondroma

A benign tumor composed of bone and cartilage.

myel/o

Spinal cord, bone marrow.

osteoclasis

The surgical breaking of a bone to correct a deformity.

oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o

Bone.

osteomalacia

Softening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency.

scoli/o

Curved, bent.

osteomyelitis

An infection of the bone.

osteopenia

Lower than normal bone density.

spondyl/o

Vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone.

osteoporosis

A condition characterized by a decrease in bone density, leading to an increased risk of fractures.

synovi/o, synov/o

Synovial membrane, synovial fluid.

osteoporotic hip fracture

A fracture of the hip occurring in a person with osteoporosis.

osteorrhaphy

Surgical suturing of a bone.

Paget's disease

A chronic disorder that can result in enlarged and misshapen bones.

pathologic fracture

A fracture that occurs in a bone that is weakened by disease.

acetabulum

The socket of the hip bone.

allogenic

Relating to or denoting tissue or cells obtained from a donor of the same species.

percutaneous vertebroplasty

A minimally invasive procedure to treat vertebral compression fractures.

periosteum

outer covering of bone

ankylosing spondylitis

A type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine.

podiatrist

A medical professional specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of foot disorders.

arthrodesis

Surgical fusion of a joint.

arthrolysis

Surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint.

polymyalgia rheumatica

An inflammatory disorder causing muscle pain and stiffness.

arthroscopy

A minimally invasive surgical procedure on a joint.

prosthesis

An artificial device to replace a missing body part.

autologous

Derived from the same individual.

avascular necrosis

Death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply.

rheumatoid arthritis

An autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints.

chondromalacia

Softening of the cartilage.

rickets

A childhood disease caused by vitamin D deficiency, leading to soft bones.

comminuted fracture

A fracture in which the bone is broken into several pieces.

scoliosis

A lateral curvature of the spine.

compression fracture

A fracture that occurs when the bone is compressed.

spina bifida

A birth defect in which the spine does not close completely.

costochondritis

Inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum.

spiral fracture

A fracture that occurs when a rotating force is applied to the bone.

craniostenosis

Abnormal shape of the skull due to premature closure of sutures.

spondylolisthesis

A condition in which one vertebra slips forward over another.

crepitation

A crackling or popping sound in the joints.

spondylosis

Degeneration of the spine.

subluxation

A partial dislocation of a joint.

dual x-ray absorptiometry

A technique used to measure bone mineral density.

synovectomy

Surgical removal of the synovial membrane.

gout

A form of arthritis characterized by severe pain and swelling in joints.

hallux valgus

A condition in which the big toe is angled toward the other toes.

vertebrae

The individual bones that make up the spinal column.

Articular cartilage

Covers the surfaces of bones where they articulate, making smooth joint movement possible and protecting the bones from rubbing against each other.

Compact bone

The dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones, accounting for more than 75% of the body's bone matter when measured by weight.

Meniscus

The curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and the temporomandibular joint of the jaw.

Spongy bone

Also known as cancellous bone, it is porous, making it lighter and weaker than compact bone.

Diaphysis

The shaft of a long bone.

Red bone marrow

Located within spongy bone, it manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes.