AP World History Study Guide Unit 1: The Global Tapestry (c. 1200 to c. 1450)

This set of flashcards is designed to help students in their review of key concepts covered in Unit 1 of AP World History focusing on significant changes and developments from 1200 to 1450.

Under the Song Dynasty, China enjoyed __________, political stability, and artistic and intellectual innovations.

great wealth

China developed the greatest __________ capability in the world during the Song Dynasty.

manufacturing

China became the world’s most __________ society, shifting from local production to market production.

commercialized

Buddhism and __________ began to spread in China during the Song Dynasty.

Confucianism

China’s bureaucracy expanded through __________, allowing for greater social mobility.

meritocracy

The __________ Canal enabled China to become the most populous trading area in the world.

Grand

The technology of __________ and guns spread from China to all parts of Eurasia via traders on the Silk Roads.

gunpowder

To increase agricultural productivity, China built elaborate __________ systems and used heavy plows pulled by water buffalo or oxen.

irrigation

An arrangement to gain income where other states had to pay money or provide goods to honor the Chinese emperor is called __________.

tributes

The Song government provided aid to the __________ and established public hospitals.

poor

In China, it was expected that women would __________ to men, as seen in the practice of foot binding.

defer

Buddhism had come to China from its birthplace in __________ via the Silk Roads.

India

Three forms of Buddhism from India include Theravada Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism, and __________ Buddhism.

Tibetan

Buddhism follows the __________ Noble Truth and the Eightfold Path.

Four

Neo-Confucianism evolved in China, combining rational thought with the abstract ideas of __________ and Buddhism.

Daoism

Japan had a feudal society without a __________ government for hundreds of years.

centralized

Landowning aristocrats in Japan were known as __________.

daimyo

In 1192, the __________ installed a shogun to reign over Japan.

Minamoto

Japan would not see a strong central government until the __________ century.

17th

Korea had a __________ relationship with China, centralizing its government in the style of the Chinese.

tributary

Culturally, Koreans adopted both Confucian and __________ beliefs.

Buddhist

Unlike China, __________ maintained a more powerful landed aristocracy, limiting social mobility.

Korea

Vietnamese women enjoyed greater __________ in their married lives than did Chinese women.

independence

Vietnam preferred __________ families with the mother, father, and children in one household.

nuclear

Vietnamese villages operated independently, lacking political __________.

centralization

They adopted a merit-based bureaucracy, but officials owed more allegiance to the __________ than to the emperor.

village peasants

In Dar al-Islam, advances in __________ established the groundwork for trigonometry as a separate subject.

mathematics

‘A’ishah al-Ba’uniyyah was a prolific female Muslim writer in the __________ century.

20th

Medical advances improved hospital care in cities like __________.

Cairo

Islamic societies viewed merchants as more __________ than did other societies in Europe and Asia.

prestigious

The revival of trade on Silk Roads allowed merchants to grow wealthy from dealings across the __________ Ocean.

Indian

Muslim women enjoyed a higher status than Christian or __________ women during this period.

Jewish

Muslim women could inherit property and retain ownership after __________.

marriage

Women in Islamic societies could receive a cash settlement if __________.

divorced

The preservation of Greek moral and natural philosophy occurred in the __________ House of Wisdom.

Abbasid

In 711, Muslim forces invaded __________ from the south.

Spain

The Umayyad rulers in Córdoba promoted a climate of __________ among Muslims, Christians, and Jews.

toleration

Islamic rule in Spain lasted for the next __________ centuries.

seven

The Chola Dynasty reigned over southern India for more than __________ years.

400

The Delhi Sultanate reigned for __________ years from the 13th through the 16th centuries.

300

Most South Asians practiced __________ before the arrival of Islam.

Hinduism

Hindus pray to many gods, while __________ are strictly monotheistic.

Muslims

The arrival of Islam did little to change the basic __________ of society in South Asia.

structure

The caste system in India is seen as its strongest historical __________.

continuity

The Bhakti Movement emphasized emotion in __________ life rather than just performing rituals.

spiritual

The Srivijaya Empire was a Hindu kingdom based on __________.

Sumatra

The Majapahit Kingdom was Buddhist and based on __________.

Java

The Khmer Empire was known for its complex irrigation and __________ systems.

drainage

The Mississippian Culture is known for being the first large-scale civilization in __________.

North America

The Maya civilization reached its height between __________ and 900 CE.

250

Each Mayan city-state was ruled by a __________ claiming descent from a god.

king

The Aztecs built a network of __________ and pyramids as part of their civilization.

aqueducts

The Inca developed sophisticated __________ systems for crop cultivation.

terrace

The Incan Empire was split into four provinces, each with its own __________.

bureaucracy

The __________ system in the Inca Empire mandated public service.

mit’a

Inland Africa was shaped by the migrations of __________-speaking people.

Bantu

In Sub-Saharan Africa, communities formed __________ networks.

kin-based

The spread of __________ added to the religious diversity of Africa.

Islam

Mali became a powerful trading society after the decline of the __________ state.

Ghanaian

Zimbabwe's prosperity was built on agriculture, grazing, trade, and __________.

gold

Ethiopia's economy flourished by trading goods with India, Arabia, and the __________ Empire.

Roman

In Sub-Saharan Africa, society was organized around structures such as kinship, age, and __________.

gender

Prisoners of war, debtors, and criminals were often __________ in Sub-Saharan Africa.

enslaved

A strong demand for enslaved workers in the Middle East led to an Indian Ocean __________ trade.

slave

African music typically had a distinguished __________ pattern.

rhythmic

Griots served as the conduits of __________ in African communities.

history

Feudalism provided security, equipment for warriors, and land to those working for a __________.

lord

The manorial system created economic self-sufficiency for those living on the __________.

manor

King Philip II of France was the first to develop a real __________.

bureaucracy

The Great Schism divided the Christian Church into Roman Catholics and __________ Orthodox.

Eastern

The Roman Catholic Church established the first __________ in Europe during the Middle Ages.

universities

In the 13th and 14th centuries, corruption within the Church led to _________ of authority.

loss

Europeans launched the Crusades to reclaim control of the Holy Land, which contained sites of spiritual significance to __________, Christians, and Muslims.

Jews

Jews were expelled from England in __________, France in 1394, and Spain in 1492.

1290

Muslims faced discrimination in Europe, and in __________, the king expelled remaining Muslims who would not convert.

1492

During the Renaissance, a revival of interest in classical Greek and Roman __________ occurred.

literature

The movable-type printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg, permitted the mass-production of __________.

manuscripts

One characteristic of the Renaissance was the focus on __________.

individuals

States emerged on land previously controlled by another __________.

empire

The song Dynasty's revival can be seen as based on the __________ Dynasty.

Han

The impact of trade and culture also led to the spread of __________ and other ideas.

Islam

The __________ of the Artistic Revolution transformed cultures by mixing traditions and taking on new forms.

synthesis

The trading networks allowed ideas and __________ to flow across regions.

technologies

By the 12th century, Mali arose as the most powerful of the __________ societies.

trading

Creating centralized power, the Inca and Aztec Empires used __________ systems.

tributary

The disintegration of the Abbasid Caliphate occurred after many external __________ disrupted the empire.

attacks

Cultural adaptations typically reflect how systems evolved to meet the needs of local __________.

populations

The emergence of neo-Confucianism blended elements of both Confucianism and __________ belief systems.

Buddhist

The expansion of maritime trade routes through the __________ led to the rise of new missional societies.

Indian Ocean

Because global trade connected previously diverse groups, tension between varying cultural and __________ systems increased.

political

Religious schisms and trade networks exploited local __________ in regions around the world.

resources

Political structures in Africa maintained complexity due to kin-based relationships that sometimes led to __________ migration.

increased

The development of environmental degradation is seen as a significant __________ exacerbated by each growth in population.

problem

By the time the Atlantic slave trade reached its peak, the demand for __________ agricultural products created a high demand for enslaved individuals.

cash

In 1492, Christopher Columbus embarked on a voyage across the Atlantic Ocean to establish trade with __________.

Asia

The introduction of the __________ revolutionized European lifestyles during the 18th and 19th centuries.

Industrial

A significant aspect of economic systems included the transition from domestic to __________ production.

industrial

Technological advancements during this time included improved communications, industrial capacities, and __________ technologies.

energy

The Military Revolution contributed to rapid state building through widespread use of __________ weapons.

gunpowder

Valuable commodities traded through the __________ included sugar, tobacco, and slaves.

transatlantic trade.