Nutrition Quiz 3: Digestion/Absorption

What is the order of the digestive tract?

Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach → Small Intestine → Large Intestine → Rectum → Anus

What are the 3 sections of the small intestine?

Duodenum → Jejunum → Ileum

What is the main location of nutrient digestion and absorption?

Small intestine

What happens to carbohydrates, fats, and proteins during digestion?

They are broken down into smaller/basic units so they can be absorbed. (into simple sugars, monosaccharides)

What are villi?

Fingerlike projections in the small intestine that help absorb nutrients.

What are microvilli?

Tiny, hairlike projections on the cells of the villi that help trap and absorb nutrients.

Is most fiber digested and absorbed?

No. Most fiber is not absorbed and continues through the digestive tract.

Which nutrient passes through the large intestine mostly unabsorbed?

Fiber

What type of fiber can help lower LDL?

Soluble fiber.

What is a prebiotic?

An indigestible substance, such as fiber, that stimulates the growth of beneficial bacteria.

What is the main role of bile?

Bile emulsifies fats to help with fat digestion

What does "emulsify" mean?

Break large fat globules into smaller droplets so digestive enzymes can work more efficiently.

Where is bile made?

Liver

Where is bile stored?

Gallbladder

Where is bile released?

Small Intestine

Does bile digest fat itself?

No. It emulsifies fat, making it easier for enzymes to digest.

What does the upper esophageal sphincter do?

Allows the bolus to move into the esophagus.

What does the lower esophageal sphincter do?

Helps prevent food from moving back up into the esophagus.

What does the pyloric sphincter do?

controls the release of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine

What does the ileocecal valve do?

controls movement from the small intestine into the large intestine

What does the anus do?

It allows waste to leave the body