biology chapter 12 quiz bowl

true

dna is structurally simpler than protein

true

one stand of a double strand dan helix is oriented in the 5' to 3' direction

false

the only function of RNA polymerase is to control mRNA synthesis in eukaryotes

true

dna nucleotides are always added to an existing strand at the 3' end, this means that during replication a leading and a lagging strand are created

true

griffiths experiment with R and S strain streptococcus pneumonia showed that dan is the genetic material of the cell

false

the central dogma mans that environmental factors have no influence on the transcription and translation of genes

true

RNA polymerase has to bind to DNA for an enzyme to be synthesized

true

the enzyme involved in DNA replication are named for the tasks they perform

the person's offspring have mutated skin

which of the following would be least likely to happen as a result of a mutation in a persons skin cells?

2

6 enzymes are need for dna, how many are missing (question about toys)

frameshift mutation

a DNA segment is changed from AATTAGAAATAG to ATTAGAAATAG. this is a ?

T

the template strand of a piece of DNA being replicated reads 5' ATAGGCCGT 3'. A partially synthesized okazaki fragment is 3' ATCC 5'. if the next fragment is four bases long, what is its first base?

cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, nucleotide

which series is arranged from largest to smallest in size?

transcription, translation, protein synthesis

which of the following processes correctly reflects the central dogma?

substitution

a DNA segment is changed from AATTAG to AAATAG. this is a ?

intron

Using DNA sequencing, you discover that a bacterium has experienced a deletion mutation that removed three nucleotides. The bacterium appears completely unaffected in all its functions. Where is the most likely location for the mutation?

two cytosine, two adenine, and two thymine

A particular sequence of parent dna has four purine bases and two pyrimidine bases. According to base-pairing rules, which of the following sequences could be formed during replication?

intron

where would a DNA substitution probably have the smallest owlets effect on the organism?

helicase, primase, polymerase, ligase

sna replication of leading strand involves which enzymes?

eukaryotic

DNA wrapped around a histone protein is one component of a ____________ chromosome

simple

in the early 20th century, some scientists were reluctant to accept the conclusion that DNA could be genetic material because is it so ___________

helicase

during DNA replication, single stranded binding proteins associate with DNA after the ______________ enzyme has acted on the DNA

ligase

Similar enzymes interact with the leading and lagging strand in DNA replication. Enzymes involved with the RNA primer are more active on the lagging strand, as is the enzyme

5'

okazaki fragments are added to the ______ end of the newly formed DNA

figure 12-3

frameshift, nearly every amino acid in the protein will be changed

RNA polymerase

positions available (figure 12-1)

tRNA

accuracy and speed (figure 12-1)

DNA

executive position (figure 12-1)

mRNA

supervisor (figure 12-1)

translation, amino acid, at the ribosome

answers for figure 12-2

function of rna polymerase

moves through behind the 3' to 5' DNA strand to connect the RNA strand to the left DNA strand

central dogma

explains that DNA codes for RNA, which codes for proteins

transcription

- the dan helices moves down the middle of the double helix DNA, which unzips the two DNA strands

-the RNA polymerase moved through behind the 3' to 5' DNA strand which connects the RNA strand to the left DNA strand

-the mRNA strand: ribose sugar replaces the deoxyribose sugar, and uracil replaces thymine

single strand

rna is always __________

tRNA

transfer DNA, accuracy and speed

translation

-feed RNA into from 5' end until three nucleotides are in the middle section of ribosome

- the tRNA goes into the ribosome center and aligns its anti codon with the codon on mRNA

codon

consists of three nucleotides; codes for one amino acid

anti-codon

tRNA has this at very bottom which matches up with codon on mRNA

replication

DNA helicase unzips genes

leading strand:

- RNA primer adds on RNA primer to get replication started (only needs 1 RNA primer to start )

-DNA polymerase then travels easily down leading strand, adding complimentary nucleotides (A,T,C,G)

lagging strand: replicates traveling away from replication fork

- multiple RNA primer segments attach to lagging strand

-after Okazaki fragments are in place, DNA polymerase moves own towards 5' end of the parental stand, attaching complementary nucleotides

thymine

compliment of adenine

guanine

compliment of cytosine

uracil

replaces thymine in mRNA