Aural Skills 1

Protonotation

Vertical and horizontal lines to represent meter and rhythm, combined with scale degree numbers and solmization syllables to represemt pitch

Pulse

Regularly recurring feeling of stress in the music

Primary Pulse

pulse that regularly contains greater stress

Secondary Pulse

a pulse that regularly contains less stress

Meter

The organization of pulses into primary and secondary levels

Beat

Duration between successive pulses

Measure

The duration between successive primary pulses

Duple meter

two beats per measure

Rhythm

Duration in music

Ictus

point of beat of a conducting pattern at which a pulse occurs

Downbeat

first beat of a measure

upbeat

last beat of a measure

Triple meter

three beats per measure

pitch

The characteristic of sound we perceive as being higher or lower

Melodic contour

The relative up and down motion of pitches in a melody

Scale

A list of pitches in ascending and/or descending order

Scale degrees

Are the unique pitches in a scale

Solmization

The discipline of singing syllables that correspond to pitches (or rhythms)

Tonic

The pitch to which all others seem to want to resolve (first and last note of scale)

Scale degree order:

tonic, supertonic, mediant, subdominant, dominant, submediant, leading tone

Sequential

An exercise in which a pitch pattern is repeated on successive scale degrees

simple meter

beat is divided into two halves

takadimi

A system of rhythm syllables

quadruple meter

four beats per measure

rest

a duration of silence in music

anacruisis

pick up note

step

The distance between two adjacent scale degrees

interval

The distance between two notes

skip/leap

an interval larger than a step

whole step

two half steps ex) do to re

half step

Smallest distance between two notes ex) mi to fa

major scale

WWHWWWH

tonic triad

three pitches that can be stacked into thirds

Time Signature

tells how many beats are in each measure and what kind of note gets one beat

Beat unit

Note value that gets one beat

Augmentation dot

Increases a note by half its rhythmic value