Chapter 7

Abdominal Quadrants

Are the right upper quadrant (RUQ), right lower quadrants (RLQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), and left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Abduction

Movement away from the midline

Acetabulum

Head of the femur (thighbone)

Acromion

A bony projection on the shoulder blade that forms the highest point of the shoulder

Adduction

Movement toward the midline

Aerobic Movement

The carbon dioxide is transported away from the cell in one of the methods previously discussed and blown off by the lungs.

Agonal Respirations

Occasional gasping breaths

Airway

A passage that allows air to flow

Alveoli

Tiny, balloon-like air sacs located at the end of the smallest airways in the lungs

Anerobic Metabolism

Process of metabolizing glucose without producing much energy.

Anatomical Planes

Imaginary divisions of the body

Anatomical Position

The basic position is used to the point of reference whenever terms of direction and location are used.

Anatomy

Refers to the structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other (HOW THE BODY IS MADE)

Anterior Plane

The patients front

Anterior

Towards the front

Aorta

The major artery from the heart

Aortic Valve

At the base of the aortic artery in the left ventricle

Arteriole

The smallest kind of artery

Artery

Carries blood away from the heart

Aspiration

When a foreign substance is inhaled into the lungs instead of going into the esophagus or stomach

Atria

The upper chambers that receive blood from the veins.

Automaticity

Is the ability of certain heart cells to generate electrical impulses on their won without needing an outside stimulus.

Ball and Socket Joint

The type of joint permits the widest range of motion-flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.

Bicuspid Valve

Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Bilateral

Refers to both left and right

Blood Pressure

Is the force exerted by the blood on the interior walls of the arteries.

Branchial Arteries

Major artery of the upper arm

Brainstem

Contains the mesencephalon, the pons, and the medulla oblongata

Bronchi

The distal portion of the trachea branches into 2 main tubes

Bronchioles

Each bronchus divides and subdivides into…

Calcaneus

Heel bone

Capillary

A tiny blood vessel that connects an arteriole to a venule

Cardiac Muscle

Found only in the walls of the heart. Is a special kind of involuntary muscle particularly suited for the work of the heart.

Carotid Arteries

One on each side of the neck. Supply the brain and head with blood.

Carpals

Consists of 8 bones in the wrist

Central Nervous System

Consists of the brain, which is located in the cranium

Cerebellum

It coordinates muscle activity and maintains balance through impulses from the eyes and ears

Cerebrum

Controls specific body functions, such as sensation, thought, speech, and associative memory

Cervical Spine

The first 7 vertebrae from the cervical spine which is most prone to injury.

Circulatory System

Is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood

Circumduction

A combination of the 4 preceding motions as is possible with the shoulder joint

Calvicle

Collarbone

Coccyx

(tailbone) the last 4 vertebrae are fused together and do not have the protrusions characteristic of the other vertebrae

Combining From

Is the foundation of the word and gives the word its essential meaning

Conchae

3 boney ridges located on the sides of the nasal cavity

Condyloid Joint

Joint that permits limited motion in 2 directions

Coronal Plane

Divides the body into front and back halves

Coronary Arteries

Vessels that supply the heart itself with blood

Cranium

Forms the top, back, and sides of the skull plus the forehead

Cricoid Cartilage

Is a ring-shaped cartilage in the larynx (voice box)

Dermis

Second layer of skin

Diaphragm

A powerful dome shaped muscle essential to breathing

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Is the pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes between beats

Digestion

The process by which food is broken down into smaller, simpler substances so that the body can absorb and use the nutrients.

Digestion System

Is the group of organs that break down food, absorb nutrients and water, and remove undigested waste from the body.

Distal

Farther away from the point of attachment or the center of the body.

Dorsal

Toward the back side of the body.

Dorsal Pedis Arteries

An artery in the foot

Edema

When swelling occurs in the tissue

Endocrine System

Group of glands and organs that produce hormones and release them into the bloodstream to control and coordinate many body functions.

Epidermis

The outermost layer of the skin. It protects the body from injury, germs, and loss of water

Epiglottis

A flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe during swallowing to prevent food or liquid from entering the lungs.

Esophagus

A muscular tube that carries food and liquids from the throat to the stomach.

Extension

Straightening away from the body of increasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body

Extremities

The limbs of the body, the arms, and legs

Face

The area between the brow and chin

False Vocal Cords

Superior ligaments covered by mucous membranes

Femoral Arteries

Supplies the groin and leg with blood

Femur

Thigh bone and the longest, strongest bone in the human body.

Fibula

The smaller, thinner bone in the lower leg, located beside the tibia.

Flexion

Bending toward the body or decreasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body

Fowlers Position

The patient is lying on his back with his upper body elevated at a 45 to 60 degree angle

Frontal Plane

Divides the body into front and back halves

Gliding Joint

A type of joint where bones slide or glide past each other, allowing limited movement.

Glottic Opening

The opening between the vocal cords that allows air to pass through the larynx.

Glottis

The part of the larynx made up of the vocal cords and the opening between them.

Heart

A highly efficient pump

Hinged Joint

Permit flexion and extension

Horizontal Plane

Is parallel with the ground and divides the body into upper and lower halves

Humerus

Proximal portion of the arm

Hydrostatic Pressure

The force between exerted on the inside of the vessel walls because of the blood pressure and volume

Hyperperfusion

Insufficient supply of oxygen and other nutrients to some of the body’s cells and the inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide and other wastes that result from inadequate circulation of blood

Hypopharynx

The lowest part of your throat (pharynx) located right behind and beside your voice box (larynx).

Lilac Crest

Form the “wing” of the pelvis

Inferior

Toward the feet or below the point of reference

Inferior Plane

Below the waist

Integumentary System

The body’s outer covering and the largest organ system, consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and related glands

Intercostal Muscle

The muscles between the ribs

Involuntary Muscle

Is made up larger fibers that carry out the automatic muscles functions

Ischium

Lower and back part of the hip bone. In the posterior and inferior portion.

Joint

The place where one bone connects to another

Laryngopharynx

The lowest part of your throat (pharynx) located right behind and beside your voice box (larynx). OR AKA HYPOPHARYNX

Larynx

Makes up the anterior portion of the throat and extends from the laryngopharynx to the trachea

Lateral

Refers to the left or right of the midline or away from the midline of the body

Lateral Malleolus

Are the knobby surface land marks of the ankle joint.

Lateral Recumbent Position

The patient is lying on his left or right side.

Left

Always the PATIENTS left

Ligaments

Connect bone to bone, layers of muscle

Lumbar Spine

The lower part of your back, made up of five large bones called vertebrae labeled L1 through L5

Lungs

The principle organs of respiration. 2 large, lobbed organs that house thousands of tiny alveolar sacs responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.