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Founder of Illusory Correlation and Implicit Personality Theories
Loren Chapman & Jean Chapman
Their Legacy
Debunking flawed clinical practices.
Advancing the study of illusory correlation and cognitive bias.
Contributions to schizophrenia research.
Definition of Illusory Correlation
We are predisposed to see particular events or attributes and categories as going together, even when they do not.
In the case of Chapman and Chapman, illusory correlation was
demonstrated in the influence of psychiatric diagnoses based on
projective tests
Why Illusory Correlation happens
COGNITIVE BIAS
mental shortcuts that can distort how we interpret information.
with illusory correlation, people overestimate links between traits and behaviors based on pre-existing beliefs.
CONFIRMATION BIAS
when people focus on information that supports what they already believe and ignore anything that contradicts it
helps maintain illusory correlations.
How it affects diagnosis
SYSTMATIC ERROR | STREOTYPING | OVERGENERALIZATION |
Clinicians may rely on intuition rather than evidence-based practices | Clinicians often associate physical traits with personality characteristics | Clinicians draw broad conclusions from limited information |