Structure & Properties of Solids

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4 Terms

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Solids

  • Form crystal lattice structures

    • repeating pattern of molecules

  • Solids differ (hardness, melting point, flexibility, conductivity

  • Types of Solids

    • Ionic (metal + non-metal)

    • Metallic (metals)

    • Molecular (non-metals)

    • Covalent Network

      • Metalloid compounds

      • Carbon compounds

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Metallic Crystals

  • Metallic Bonding: fixed nuclei, loosely held mobile valence e- (“e- sea” delocalized e-)

    • Shiny/silvery: metallic e- absorb energy from all λ 

    • Easily oxidized= loose e- = 🡻 ionization energy=lose e-

      • Flexible: Strong non-directional bonding= electron sea

      • Strength: closely packed crystal

    • Electrical conductivity

    • Thermal conductivity

    • Soft (Pb) or hard (Cr)

    • Low mp (Hg) or high mp (W)

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Molecular Crystals

  • Neutral (nonpolar) held tg. by weak intermolecular forces (LDF)

  • Low melting pt 

  • Soft

  • Non- conductive

  • Solubility in water

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Why does ice float?

  • Ice becomes less dense than water

  • H bonds form hexagonal crystals of H2O