Oral Health Wk.5

pellicle, biofilm, materia alba, food debris

4 types of soft deposits

acquired pellicle

translucent unstructured film covering and adherent to the surfaces of the teeth

supragingival and subgingival

What are the two types of acquired pellicle

toothbrush and floss

What can be used to remove acquired pellicle?

acquired pellicle

A breeding place for bacteria and allows for attachment of calculus

biofilm

a dynamic, structured community of microorganisms

develops in multipla stages

gram positive, increase in number, mixed flora, vibrios and spirochetes

Dental biofilm stages of change

gram negative

What type of cocci are present in subgingival dental biofilm

subgingival biofilm

created by an apical migration of supragingival biofilm

multiple layers

How does subgingival biofilm arrange itself

organic and inorganic solids

composition of dental biofilm

water

80% of dental biofilm is composed of:

crowded teeth, rough surfaces, occlusion

3 Factors that influence accumulation of dental biofilm

toothbrush and floss

What is used to remove dental biofilm/plaque

disclosing agent

This can be used to visually detect dental biofilm in a person’s mouth

materia alba

a loosely adherent mass of bacteria and debris that usually grows over dental biofilm

materia alba

unorganized accumulation of bacteria with a cottage-cheese like appearance

food debris

collection of loose food particles caused by food impaction from open contact areas, mobility of teeth, and irregularities of occlusion

live biofilm

Which is worse for for patient health, mineralized calculus or live biofilm?

biofilm

When this becomes mineralized it leads to calculus and periodontal disease

calculus

dental biofilm mineralized by crystals of calcium phosphate

supragingival and subgingival

2 types of dental calculus

mandibular anterior lingual

What surface is the most common place for calculus

supragingival calculus

Can be detected using explorer, indirect/direct examination, or with the use of compressed air

gingival line

Where does the formation of calculus start before migrating up or down?

subgingival

This type of calculus can be found on implants or near the CEJ

subgingival calculus

Can be detected via explorer/probe, radiographic examination, and dental endoscopy

inorganic and organic material

What is calculus composed of?

pellicle formation→ biofilm maturation→ mineralization→ layers of calculus

4 steps for development of calculus

periodontitis

the rough surface of the calculus perpetuates the inflamed state which leads to

oral self care

How to prevent calculus

extrinsic and intrinsic

What are the two location classifications of stains

exogenous and endogenous

What are the two source classification of stains

exogenous

originate from sources outside the tooth

endogenous

originate from within the tooth

Always intrinsic

yellow

stain usually from dietary source

tea

What is the number one cause of tooth stains

coffee

What is the number 2 cause of tooth stains

green

stain caused by poor oral hygiene or chromogenic bacteria or fungi

black-line

highly retentive black or dark brown calculus-like stain that forms along the gingival margin

tobacco

stain that is light brown to dark leathery brown

brown

stain that can be from pigmented foods or drinks such as tea or coffee

red and orange

stain from chromogenic (color-changing) bacteria

metallic

Stains called by iron or manganese

intrinsic

Stain caused by pulpless or traumatized teeth

intrinsic

Stain caused by disturbance in tooth development such as:

hereditary, enamel hypoplasia, or dental fluorosis

tetracycline, cipro, and monocycline

3 substances/medications that cause drug-induced intrinsic stains

copper and silver amalgam

What two types of restorations can also cause intrinsic stains

endodontic

type of therapy where the material being used can cause intrinsic staining

intrinsic

What type of stains are not removable

carious lesion and arrested decay

The two things that can cause a stain in dentin

intrinsic stain

Other local causes: erosion, attrition, low ph

dental biofilm index

Used to assess the thickness of biofilm at the gingival area

indices

A data collection tool that allows clinical observations to be converted into numerical values

oleary’s index

Index used to check the amount of biofilm a patient has

The information is then charted

missing teeth

What should be crossed out on the oleary’s chart before recording biofilm

(# of surfaces with biofilm / (4 x # of present teeth)) x 100

formula for calculating the percentage of biofilm on a person’s teeth

perio

On what mode should the camera be when checking for biofilm