Ancient Greece Review Flashcards

Flashcards about Ancient Greece, including government, society, and key figures, based on lecture notes.

What is a Monarchy?

A government in which a king or queen rules with supreme power, often used for military purposes.

What is an Aristocracy?

A government ruled by the upper class or nobility, where aristocrats were born from highborn ancestors.

What is an Oligarchy?

A government where power rests with a small number of people, similar to aristocracy but not necessarily based on noble birth.

What is the difference between Aristocracy and Oligarchy?

Aristocracy is rule by the nobility or upper class, while oligarchy is simply rule by a few, regardless of their social standing.

What is the similarity between Oligarchy and Aristocracy?

Both involve a minority group in control.

Name some political reforms that Solon did.

Freed people who had become slaves because of debts, prohibited enslavement for debt, organized citizens into classes based on wealth, and reformed laws to be less harsh.

Who didn't take part in the government in Ancient Greece?

Poor people were excluded from participating in the government in Ancient Greece.

What does Propose mean?

To suggest or put forward into consideration.

What is an Industry?

An enterprise in which goods are made.

What does Clever mean?

Showing quick thinking and resourcefulness.

What is Sparta?

A large city-state in the Peloponnesus; its main rival was Athens.

What is Thermopylae?

A narrow pass in Greece that was the site of a famous battle in 480 B.C.

Who were the Helots and why did they rebel against the Spartans?

They were forced slaves who lived on farms and had to give the Spartans half of their crops; they rebelled due to harsh treatment.

How was the Sparta government structured?

It had a mix of monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy. Two kings ruled, and 5 elected supervisors ran the government.

Name the three social groups that made up Sparta Society.

Citizens that lived in the city, free men with no political rights, and Helots.

What was the primary goal of Spartan society?

To have a strong military and army.

Explain Spartan boys' education.

Focused on learning to read just enough to get by.

Explain Sparta girls' education.

Focused on making them strong with athletic training, and learning to defend themselves.

Describe women's life in Sparta.

Expected to be strong and tough, physically and emotionally, with more freedom than women in some other Greek city-states; they were allowed to own property.

Who was Plutarch?

A historian for Greece who lived between 46 A.D. and 120 A.D.

Who was Lycurgus?

The leader of Sparta who reformed its army.

Explain the two governing bodies of Athens.

The Council of 500 handled daily government matters and prepared issues for the assembly, which then voted on policies.

What was the role of Athenian citizens?

To serve in the army and vote on decisions.

How was Athenian boys' education?

Wealthy boys started school around age 6 or 7, preparing them to be good citizens.

What was the general role of Athenian women?

To be wives, a role considered important and respected.

Explain the Athenian plan to win the war against the Persians.

The Athenians planned to trick the Persians by drawing them into the center of their army, surrounding them, and attacking from the sides.

Explain the legend of the Marathon.

A soldier ran a 26-mile marathon to Athens to deliver the message that Athens won, and then died from tiredness.