TESL 331

Deductive method

From thinking general to specific to reach a conclusion.

Ex: Grammar worksheets, translation, self-study grammar, etc.

Inductive method

From thinking specific to general to find a pattern or rule.

Ex: detective work- collect clues to form a theory about a crime.

Grammar translation method

Teaches a language by translating, memorizing grammar, and learning vocab, focusing on reading and writing.

Audio-lingual method

Teaches a language through listening, speaking, repetition, and drills, without focusing on grammar rules.

Direct method

Teaches language through speaking and listening, without translation or grammar explanations.

E-factor

Effective, efficient, and easy. A grammar rule or explanation is for learners.

A-factor

Learners needs and interests, learners attitude and expectations.

The knowledge-how argument

Says that learning grammar is about using rules, not just knowing them.

The communication argument

Grammar is important because it helps people effectively communicate.

The acquisition argument

People naturally learn grammar through exposure, without needing explicit teaching.

The natural order argument

People learn language rules in a certain sequence, naturally, without being taught in order.

The lexical chunks argument

Language learning relies on memorizing common word combinations.

The learner expectation argument

Grammar teaching should match what learners expect and need to learn.

The sentence machine arguement

Grammar helps us create correct sentences by following specific rules.

The fine tuning argument

Grammar helps learners refine and clarify their language for better communication.

The fossilization argument

Without grammar correction, errors become permanent in a learner’s language.

The advance organizer argument

Grammar gives learners a clear structure to understand and organize a new language.

The discrete item argument

Grammar is learned step-by-step, focusing on only one rule at a time.

The rule-of-law argument

Provides fixed rules that make language structured and understandable.