AH1 - Meds for HTN

Diuretics

Medications used to promote the elimination of excess fluid from the body.

Potassium-sparing diuretics

A type of diuretic, such as spironolactone, that helps retain potassium while removing sodium and water.

Loop diuretics

Diuretics like furosemide and bumetanide that work by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle.

Thiazide diuretics

Diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide and chlorothiazide that inhibit sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule.

Orthostatic hypotension

A form of low blood pressure that occurs when standing up from sitting or lying down.

Electrolyte levels

Concentrations of minerals in the body fluids that are crucial for various physiological functions.

Hyperkalemia

An elevated level of potassium in the blood, which can cause serious health problems.

Hypovolemia

A decreased volume of circulating blood in the body.

Beta blockers

Medications that reduce blood pressure and heart rate by blocking the effects of epinephrine.

Atenolol

A selective beta-1 blocker used to treat high blood pressure and heart conditions.

Metoprolol

A beta blocker that is often prescribed for high blood pressure and heart failure.

Decreased cardiac output

A reduction in the amount of blood the heart pumps, often leading to various health issues.

Calcium channel blockers

Medications that prevent calcium from entering cells of the heart and blood vessel walls, resulting in lower blood pressure.

Verapamil

A calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension, angina, and certain types of arrhythmias.

Amlodipine

A calcium channel blocker that is commonly prescribed for high blood pressure and chest pain.

Diltiazem

A calcium channel blocker used to treat high blood pressure and angina.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Medications that help relax blood vessels by preventing the formation of angiotensin II, used in treating high blood pressure.

Lisinopril

An ACE inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure.

Enalapril

An ACE inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure.

Captopril

An ACE inhibitor that is used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure.

Persistent dry cough

A common side effect of ACE inhibitors, often requiring medical consultation.

Hyperkalemia from ACE inhibitors

A potential side effect wherein potassium levels can rise due to the medication's effect on excretion.

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

Medications that block the action of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.

Valsartan

An ARB used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure.

Losartan

An ARB that is commonly prescribed for high blood pressure.

Potassium-rich foods

Foods high in potassium, which patients on ARBs should limit to avoid hyperkalemia.

Monitor BP and HR before administration

An important nursing implication for medications such as beta blockers and calcium channel blockers.

Teaching regarding side effects

Educating patients on potential adverse effects of their medications is critical for safe management.

Fall risk in older adults

A significant concern when administering medications like beta blockers due to the possibility of orthostatic hypotension.

Fluid and electrolyte management in diuretics

Essential nursing consideration to prevent complications such as dehydration or imbalances.

Patient education on medication adherence

Crucial for ensuring the effectiveness and safety of chronic disease management.