cell transport

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to the structure and functions of the cell membrane, transport mechanisms, and the processes involved in maintaining homeostasis.

Cell Membrane

A structure around the cell, made of phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol.

Fluid Mosaic Model

Describes the cell membrane as a flexible mosaic of molecules.

Homeostasis

Internal balance needed for survival.

Semi-permeable

Membrane allowing only certain molecules to pass.

Passive Transport

Movement of molecules across the membrane without energy.

Active Transport

Movement of molecules across the membrane that requires energy.

Simple Diffusion

Movement from higher to lower concentration.

Facilitated Diffusion

Movement from higher to lower concentration through a protein gate.

Osmosis

Movement of water through a membrane from high to low water concentration.

Isotonic Solution

Solution with same solute concentration as cell; no net water movement.

Hypotonic Solution

Solution with lower solute concentration; water enters cell, potentially swelling it.

Hypertonic Solution

Solution with higher solute concentration; water leaves cell, making it shrink.

Endocytosis

Cell takes in material by forming pockets in the membrane.

Exocytosis

Cell sends materials out by vesicles fusing with the membrane.

Protein Pumps

Membrane proteins transporting large molecules from low to high concentration.