KIN2E03 Muscoskeletal Anatomy Test 3: Abdomen, Spine, & Nerves

External oblique location?

origin: inferior 6 ribs

insertion: along linea alba to pubic symphisis

most superficial abdominal muscle

Internal oblique location?

origin: thorocolumbar fascia

insertion: rectus sheath/linea alba, ribs 10-12

deep to external oblique, superficial to rectus abdominus

External oblique action(s)?

ipsilateral flexion of trunk

contralateral rotation of trunk

secondary: ipsilateral flexion of spine

internal oblique action?

ipsilateral flexion

ipsilateral rotation

Rectus abdominus location?

deep to internal oblique, superficial to transverse abdominus

origin: pubic symphsis

insertion: xyphoid process & ribs 6-8 along linea alba

Rectus Abdominus action?

flexion of trunk, helps in posterior pelvic tilt

transverse abdominus location?

deep to rectus abdominus

origin: thorocolumbar fascia

insertion: linea alba & costal cartilages

Transverse abdominus action?

compression of stomach & weak ipsilateral rotator

psoas muscle action?

flexion

quadratus lumborum location?

origin: iliac crest

insertion: 12th rib & tps of L1-4

posterior side of trunk

quadratus lumborum action?

ipsilateral flexion, helper in spinal extension

what abdominal muscles have secondary roles?

rectus abdominus: pelvic posterior tilt

quadratus lumborum: spinal extension

external oblique: spinal flexion

name all flexors of the trunk

rectus abdominus, psoas muscles

Name all ipsilateral flexors of trunk

external oblique, internal oblique, quadratus lumborum

name all ispilateral rotators of the trunk

transverse abdominus (weak), external oblique

name all contralateral rotators of the trunk

external oblique

What are the anterior ligaments of the spine

anterior longitudinal, posterior longitudinal

What action does the ALL limit

extension

What action does the PLL limit

flexion

Name all posterior ligaments of the spine

ligamentum flavum, supraspinous and interspinous

Name all ligaments that attach to vertebral bodies

ALL: bodies of verbrae

PLL: posterior side of bodies, in vertebral canal

Name all ligaments in the vertebral canal

posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentum flavum

Purpose & location of intervertebral disks?

between bodies of vertebrae, consist of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposusm limit compression and rotation, compressed by flexion

Name the erector muscles from medial to lateral

spinalis, longissmus & iliocostalis

Where are the erector muscles

origin: sps of vertebrae with spinalis & longismus extending into cervical region

insertion: post. iliac crest and sacrum

erector spinae action

maintain upright posture

ipsilateral flexor of spine

spinal extensors

splenius muscles location

cervisis origin: tps of cervical vertebrae

cervisis insertion: tps of vertebrae c1-c3

capitus origin: mastoid process & occipital of skull

capitus insertion: sps of t3-t6

splenius muscles actions

extensors of lower & upper spine

ipsilateral rotation & flexion

location of longus capitus & longus coli

origin: cervical vertebrae ant side

insertion: occipital bone

longus coli & capitus action

flexors of upper & lower cervical spine

suboccipitals location

origin: inf nuchal line

insertion: atlas & axis

suboccipitals action

extensors of upper cervical spine

scalenes location

origin: ribs 1 & 2

insertion: tps of cervical vertebrae to c2

scalenes action

ipsilateral rotation & rib elevation

trapezius location

origin: clavicle

insertion: inf. nuchal line

trapezius action

extension of spine & ipsilateral flexion & rotation

levator scapulae location

origin: tps of c1-c4

insertion: medial border of scapula

levator scapula actions

ipsilateral flexion & rotation

sternocleidomastoid location

origin: sternum & clavicle

insertion: mastoid on temporal bone & nuchal line

SCM action

ipsilateral spine flexion, contralateral rotation of lower cervical

extension of upper cervical

flexion of lower cervical

nerves in brachial plexus

musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar & median

nerves in lumbosacral plexus

femoral, obturator, sciatic

actions & location of musculocutaneous nerve?

c5-c7, travel along ant of humerus for elbow flexion

actions & location of radial nerve?

C5-T1

posterior side of humerus - innervates elbow extension

post. and radial side of forearm - innervates wrist extension & radial deviation

bony landmarks of radial nerve

head of radius & lat epicondyle of humerus

ulnar nerve location & actions

C7-T1

medial side of humerus & forearm - innervates wrist flexion & ulnar deviation

hypothenar & finger flexion innervation

bony landmarks: med.epicondyle & hook of hamate

location & action of median nerve

C5-T1

med surface of humerus to ant. forearm

innervates finger & wrist flexion

travels through carpal tunnel

femoral nerve location & actions

L2-L4

travels with psoas maj/min, exits pelvis deep to inguinal nerve

innervates hip flexion

travels along ant of femur, knee extension

obturator nerve actions and location

L2-L4

along pelvis along femoral nerve, exits out obturator foramen to med thigh

innervates adduction

sciatic nerve actions & location

L4-S2

exits greater sciatic foramen across post. hip & thigh

innervates hip extension & knee flexion

splits into tibial & common peroneal

tibial - posterior: plantarflexion

common peroneal -near head of fibula, into ant & lat: innervates dorsiflexion and eversion