Blood thinners, cholesterol, and diabetes Medications

Drug Class: Anticoagulants (blood thinners)

• treatment of blood clots and/ or prevention of new clot formation

• Don’t actually thin the blood

• interrupt the body’s natural clotting process to prevent heart attack and stroke

• Different mechanisms for doing this

Sub drug class under anticoagulants: Vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants

• block vitamin K, which is involved in the clotting process

• Inconsistent dietary intake of vitamin K can interfere with the effectiveness

• INR blood test is required to make sure blood clotting is kept at a safe and effective level

Warfarin

Drug class: vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants

brand name: coumadin

Sub drug class: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)

• Purpose: direct factor Xa inhibitors

• Not affected by diet, and no INR blood testing required for monitoring

• End in -aban

Apixaban

Drug class: Direct oral anticoagulants

Brand name: eliquis

Rivaroxaban

Drug class: direct oral anticoagulants

Brand name: xarelto

Sub drug class: Antiplatelets (platelet aggregation inhibitors)

• not really anticoagulants bc they don’t affect the clotting process

• Work on preventing platelets from sticking together to decrease the risk of a heart attack or stroke

Aspirin

Drug class: antiplatelets

Brand name: ecotrin

Clopidogrel

Drug class: antiplatelets

brand name: plavix

Drug class for cholesterol medications: HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors “Statins”

• Purpose: reduce the production of cholesterol made by the liver

• Ending, look for -statin

Atorvastatin

Drug class: HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors “statins”

Brand name: lipitor

Simvastatin

Drug class: HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors “statins”

Brand: Zocor

Rosuvastatin

Drug class: HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors “statins”

Brand: Crestor

Pravastatin

Drug class: HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors “Statins”

Brand: pravachol

Lovastatin

Drug class: HMG CoA Reductase inhibitors “statins

brand name: mevacor, altoprev

Fenofribrate

• Reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels

• Brand name: Tricor

• Part of cholesterol medications

Omega-3- acid Ethyl Esters

• Reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels

• Brand: Lovaza

• Part of cholesterol medications

Ezetimibe

• Purpose: inhibit intestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol

• Drug brand: Zetia

• part of cholesterol medications

Drug class for diabetes medications: Sulfonylureas

• Purpose: taken by mouth, one of the oldest diabetes meds available, increases insulin release from beta cells of the pancreas

Glipizide

• Drug class: sulfonylureas

• Brand: Glucotrol

Glimepiride

Drug class: sulfonylureas

Brand: amaryl

Drug class for diabetes medication: Biguanides

• taken by mouth

• reduce the amount of sugar produced by the liver, reduce the amount of sugar absorbed into the intestines, and increase insulin sensitivity

Metformin

Drug class: biguanides

Brand name: Glucophage

Drug class for diabetes: DPP-4 inhibitors (dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 inhibitors)

• Taken by mouth

• Slow the inactivation/ degradation of GLP-1, an incretin hormone which triggers insulin release to lower blood sugar

Linagliptin

• Drug class: DPP-4 Inhibitors (dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors)

• Brand name: tradjenta

Sitagliptin

Drug class: DPP-4 inhibitors

Brand: Januvia

Metformin/ Sitagliptin

Drug class: DPP-4 inhibitors

Brand name: Janumet

Drug class for diabetes medications: TZDs (Thiazolidinediones)

• taken by mouth; known as “glitazones”

• increase the sensitivity of cells to insulin (decreases insulin resistance)

Pioglitazone

Drug class: TZDs

Brand: Actos

Drug class for diabetes: SGLT 2 Inhibitors (sodium- glucose cotransporter- 2 inhibitors)

• taken by mouth; known as “gliflozins”

• Cause more glucose to be excreted into the urine instead of reabsorbed into the body

Canagliflozin

Drug class: SGLT-2 inhibitors

Brand: invokana

Drug class for diabetes medications: GLP-1 Analogs

• injectables; also known as “incretin mimetics”

• Mimic incretin hormone GLP-1 produced in GI tract after a meal, causing increased release of insulin from the pancreas

Liraglutide

Drug class: GLP-1 analogs

Brand: Victoza

Dulagultide

Drug class: GLP-1 analogs

Brand name: Trulicity

Drug class: Insulins

• injectables

• Take the place of insulin that is normally produced by the body to move glucose out of the blood into other body tissues, where it is used for energy

• Different types: rapid, short, intermediate, and long acting (rapid and long in top 200 drugs)

Sub drug class: Insulins- rapid acting

• onset within 30 minutes; duration 3-5 hours

Insulin Lispro

• Drug class: insulins- rapid acting

• Brand name: Humalog

Insulin Aspart

Drug class: insulins- rapid acting

Brand name: novolog

Drug class: Insulins- long acting

• onset within 2 hours; duration up to 24 hours ( up to 45 hours with insulin degludec)

Insulin glargine

drug class: insulins- long acting

brand name: lantus, basaglar

Insulin detemir

Drug class: insulins- long acting

Brand name: levemir

Insulin degludec

• Drug class: insulins- long acting

• Brand: tresiba