cive230 lec 17 - life cycle assessment

life cycle assessment

a technique for assessing the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with a product by

• Compiling an inventory of relevant inputs and outputs of a product system,

• Evaluating the potential environmental impacts associated with those inputs and outputs,

• Interpreting the results of the inventory analysis and impact assessment phases in relation to the objectives of the study

LCA applications

decision making, learning/exploring, communication

functional unit

A quantitative unit on which the LCA is conducted (ex. 6 oz bottle used 8 times). Defining the functional unit quantifies the purpose of a product, allowing for fair comparisons to be made about its functionality and performance.

system boundaries

System boundaries define which life cycle stages, inputs, and outputs are considered in a study. Clearly defined system boundaries ensure that relevant aspects of a LCA are considered and that the results can be compared with other products.

type of data used

The type of data used affects the accuracy and reliability of the LCA results. Primary data is collected from the source (farmers, suppliers, manufacturing plants, etc.) while secondary data is obtained from databases, literature, or industry averages. Primary data is often more accurate but limited, while secondary data is broader but less accurate.

impact assessment

Impact assessment quantifies the environmental impacts of a product across its entire life cycle. This allows us to identify what stage the greatest environmental impact comes from and provides insights into where to improve.

life cycle inventory

a detailed accounting of all inputs and outputs (like energy, resources, and emissions) related to a product or service throughout its entire life cycle

example of life cycle phases

raw material extraction, transportation of raw material, process raw material, manufacturing/production, distribution, use/reuse/maintenance, recycle/waste management

LCA in cities

An environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) of an infrastructure system in urban settings quantifies the direct and indirect environmental impacts over the life cycle of the infrastructure.

factors for LCA consideration in cities

• Construction materials for infrastructure (residential dwellings, utilities, and roads)

• Building operations (heating, cooling and electricity)

• Transportation (private cars and public transit)