Marx and Hegel: Ideology and Social Change

Core Problem

Central issue each thinker addresses in society.

Vision of Society

Assumed societal structure in defining problems.

View of History

Perspective on societal transformation over time.

Knowledge Generation

Methods used to understand identified social problems.

Social Problem Resolution

Proposed changes to address societal issues.

Positive Philosophy

Comte's framework of human knowledge evolution.

Three Phases of Knowledge

Theological, Metaphysical, Positive (Scientific) stages.

Social Evolution

Spencer's view of society as a living organism.

Continuous Growth

Society's ongoing development over time.

Differentiation of Parts

Specialization of societal components in evolution.

Mutual Dependence

Interconnectedness of society's various parts.

Collective Conscience

Shared beliefs and values in society (Durkheim).

Social Solidarity

Durkheim's central problem regarding societal unity.

Anomie

State of normlessness individuals experience.

Positivism

Durkheim's theory emphasizing social facts.

Evolutionary History

Durkheim's view of societal complexity growth.

Regulation

Durkheim's proposed solution for social issues.

Dialectics

Theory of change through opposing social forces.

Thesis

Initial assertion in the dialectical process.

Antithesis

Reaction that negates the thesis.

Synthesis

Resolution of conflict creating new ideas.

Hegel's Idealism

Ideas shape historical development and freedom.

World Historical Figures

Individuals advancing freedom and consciousness.

Materialism

Marx's focus on real individuals and conditions.

Real Life-Process

Foundation for understanding ideological development.

Mode of Production

How individuals produce shapes their material existence.

Division of Labour

Specialization in tasks leading to social roles.

Alienation

Separation from the products of one's labor.

Consciousness

A social product shaped by material conditions.

Ruling Ideas

Ideas reflecting interests of the ruling class.

The State

An entity arising from individual-community contradictions.

Hegelian Idealism

History progresses through ideas and consciousness.

Materialist View

Focus on material conditions shaping human history.

World Spirit

Conceptual force driving historical progress in Hegel's view.

Historical Development

Evolution influenced by social structures and production.

Young Hegelians

Critics of material reality, focusing on consciousness.

Illusions of Consciousness

Misconceptions about the nature of reality.

Social Structure

Framework shaped by individuals' material conditions.

Class Relations

Power dynamics between different social classes.

Communism

A society without exclusive roles, promoting versatility.

Real Movement

Communism as an active process of change.

Material Limits

Constraints affecting production and social relations.

Illusory Communal Life

State's false representation of community interests.

Historical Figures

Individuals who influence the course of history.

Mental Labour

Cognitive work linked to material production.

Social Activity Fixation

Consolidation of labor into an overpowering force.

Practical Activity

Actions necessary for survival and production.

Exclusive Sphere of Activity

Limited roles imposed by division of labor.

Material Production

Physical creation of goods and services.