Lecture Notes Review: Cell Signaling and Stem Cells

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture notes related to cell signaling, stem cells, and associated biological processes.

Phosphorylation

The addition of a phosphate group to a protein, often leading to a functional change.

Dephosphorylation

The removal of a phosphate group from a protein, which may deactivate the protein.

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs)

A type of receptor that, upon dimerization, phosphorylates itself and activates signal transduction pathways.

Stem Cell Differentiation

The process by which a stem cell develops into a more specialized cell type.

Self-renewal pathway

A signaling pathway that allows stem cells to divide and produce more stem cells.

Transcription Factor

A protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, regulating gene expression.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

The process by which cells absorb molecules by engulfing them with the cell membrane.

Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis

The tagging of proteins with ubiquitin, marking them for degradation by proteasomes.

Narcan (naloxone)

A medication used to block the effects of opioids, especially in overdose situations.