Periods 1 and 2 - APUSH

Encomienda

Granted settlers land and allowed them to use the inhabitants; meant to encourage colonization

The Asiento System

A system where the Spanish were required to pay a tax to the king for each slave they imported to the Americas

The Mayas

A Meso-American civilization that reached its height between 250 and 900 AD and was one of the most advanced settlements in the Americas.

The Incas

On the Pacific coast and along the Andean highlands. They were mostly farmers or herders.

The Aztecs

Settlement in present-day northern Mexico that flourished between the 14th and 15th centuries.

Conquistadors

Spanish conquerors; Cortes defeated Aztecs of mexico in 1521, Pizarro defeated the Incas in 1531. Took over and exploited people and land. Started new economy in conquered areas

Roanoke

Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. Sir Walter Raleigh financed it, and its leader in the New World was John White. All the settlers disappeared, and historians still don't know what happened.

Christopher Columbus (colubus)

An italian man who sailed for spain west into the Atlantic Ocean looking for a way to Asia to trade, but he "discovered" the Americas instead.

Iriquois Confederation

North American confederation of indigenous tribes: the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca.

John Cabot

English explorer who claimed Newfoundland for England while looking for Northwest Passage, 1497 claimed Canada for England.

Samuel de Champlain

Cartographer, explorer, governor of New France. The major role Champlain played in the St Lawrence River area earned him the title of "father of New France."

Henry Hudson

- 1609, "discovered" and explored the Hudson River

De las Casas

Priest who spoke out against Spanish treatment of Native Americans

Cecil Calvert

He became the proprietor of Maryland after his father died

Act of Toleration

a 1649 Maryland law that provided religious freedom for all Christians

Roger Williams

English clergyman and colonist who was expelled from Massachusetts for criticizing Puritanism; founded Rhode Island

Anne Hutchinson

She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639

Halfway Covenant

A Puritan church document; In 1662, it allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations

Quakers

A form of Protestantism in which the believers were pacifists and would shake at the power of the word of the Lord

William Penn

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.

The 13 colonies

Virginia - royal, London company, tobacco
New Hampshire - royal, Jason mason, grain
Massachusetts - royal, puritans, cattle
Maryland - proprietary, lord Baltimore, iron
Connecticut - self-governing, Massachusetts emigrants, cattle
Rhode Island - self-governing, Roger Williams, rum
Delaware - proprietary, swedes, trade
North Carolina - royal, Virginians, lumber
New Jersey - trade

Jamestown

1st permanent English settlement in North America; 1607

John Smith

English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia; leader

John Rolfe

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.

Pocahantes

married john rolfe, saved john smith from death, ultimately helped bring peace btwn colonists and Native Americans (American Indians)

Puritans vs Separatists

Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England, while the Separatists wanted to separate from the church.

Mayflower Compact

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

John Winthrop

1588-1649 First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630.

Governor Berkeley

Colonial Virginia official who crushed rebels and wreaked cruel revenge; Bacon's Rebellion = against him

Bacon's Rebellion

In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon, a young planter led a rebellion against people who were friendly to the Indians. In the process he torched Jamestown, Virginia and was murdered by Indians.

Indentured Servant

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years

Headright System

Colonial system of awarding a tract of land, usually fifty acres, to a person who paid for the passage of an indentured servant to the colonies. Some wealthy people in Virginia and other southern colonies accumulated huge tracts of land through this system.

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Triangular Trade

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa

Mercantilism

An economic system (Europe in 18th the century) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests

Navigation Acts

1650 laws that required among other things that all goods to and from the colonies be transported on British ships

Dominion of New England

1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). Ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros.

Great Awakening

..., Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.

Enlightenment

A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.

John Locke

17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.

Natural Law

A system of justice derived from nature instead of from rules of society.

Jonathan Edwards

"Sinners in the hand of an Angry God"

George Whitefield

A methodist preacher, came to exemplify the Great Awakening period- graffic depictions of hell

Old Light

Conservative clergymen who were against the emotional approach of the Great Awakening

New Light

Clergymen who defended the Great Awakening for reinvigorating American religion

18th century immigration patterns

Increase in non-English immigrants and fewer English immigrants; Scots-Irish, Scots, Germans, Dutch, Africans; poor move west for cheaper land

John Peter Zenger

A New York editor whose trial for seditious libel backfired on the government; the jury found that truth was a defense for libel.