HOSPITAL PHARMACY IJNIP

Jonathan Roberts

Father of hospital pharmacy

Integrated health care

hospitals merged w/ other hospitals & other patient care services like home health care, long term care & wellness facilities

Clinic

facility or area where ambulatory patients are seen for special study, appointments & treatment by a group of physicians practicing together, & where the patients is not confined in a hospital

< 30 days

Short term length of staying

> 30 days

Long term length of stay

Governmental

federal, state, regional, provincial, city, municipal

Tertiary level 1

for cases requiring sophisticated diagnostic

Tertiary level 2

Has training and research capabilities provides residency training programs

Tertiary level 3

w/ teaching, training & research functions

Tertiary level 4

Expensive and sophisticated diagnostic

Provincial

Provides tertiary level 1 hospital care

Regional

Provides tertiary level 2 hospital care

Medical center

Provides tertiary level 3 hospital care

District

Front line hospital, providing 2 medical care

Health maintenance organization

provide comprehensive or total health care services to individuals enrolled on a per capita basis

Resident

receiving specialized clinical training in a hospital, usually after completing an internship

Formulary

is a continually revised compilation of pharmaceuticals (plus important auxiliary information) that reflects the current clinical judgment of the medical staff

Formulary drugs

agents whose place in therapy is well-established

Essential drug lists

Refers to those drugs which cure vast majority illness

Core lists

is a list of drugs that meets the health care needs of the majority of the population.

Complementary lists

Is a list of alternative drugs used when there is no response to the core essential drug

Policy

A define course or method of action to guide

Procedure

Series of steps followed in a regular definite sequence

Generic substitution

same active ingredients, strength, concentration, dosage form, route of administration as the drug products originally prescribed

Therapeutic substitution

different active ingredient, same pharmacologic class, similar therapeutic effect

Use of charge plate

use of a plastic or metal card prepared on patient’s admission

Envelope system

used to dispense drugs to the nursing station & at the same time is also used as a charge ticket

Drug basket method

used by a hospital for stocking non- charge floor stocks drugs & related products on the nursing station

Mobile dispensing unit

Utilizes a specially constructed stainless steel truck

Drug delivery system

system by which the pharmacy department makes drugs available at the nursing unit.

Complete floor stock system

For drugs in large quantities bulk and standard containers

Unit dose DDS

standard of practice; most accepted

 pharmacist prepares every dose of the medication

Non-charge floor stock

refers to the drugs placed on The nursing station for use of all patients on that area.

Charge floor stock

 is medication available at each nursing unit of the hospital & for which a charge is made to the patient

Unit dose dispensing

the pharmacist prepares every dose of medication ready for administration

Centralized

orders are interpreted & almost all drug doses are picked & placed in the patient drawers of the medication carts in a central pharmacy

Decentralized

have one or more satellite pharmacies scattered throughout the hospital form which most of the single unit doses are distributed

Unit dose

Administered to a specified patient at one time

Unit dose package

contains one discrete pharmaceutical dosage form

Unit dose drugs

refers to drugs stocked on the nursing station at all times & are billed to patient after administration

Potential error

is a mistake in prescribing, dispensing or planned medication administration that is detected & corrected through intervention before actual medication administration

Prescribing error

incorrect selection of dose, dosage form, quantity, route of administration or instruction for use

Omission error

failure to administer an ordered dose before next schedule dose

Wrong time error

Administration of medication outside the interval

Unauthorized drug error

administration of medicine not authorized by legitimate prescriber

Deteriorated drug error

Administration of expired drugs

Category A

No Error Occurred (Potential Error)

Category B

Error did not reach the patient

Category C

Reach the patient but no harm

category D

Reach the patient with harm. Required monitor vital signs

Category E

Temporary harm

Category F

Hospitalization, additional drug therapy

Category G

Permanent harm

Category H

Patient requiring life saving intervention

Category I

Death

Drug interactions

one drug are altered by the effects of another

Pharmacodynamic interactions

one drug alter the effect of another by acting at the same site of action

Pharmacokinetics interactions

Alter ADME of another drug

Therapeutic failure

Suboptimal response to drug therapy