Database theory (Introduction to the operational environmental)

Database

A structured collection of data that is stored and accessed electronically. Enables efficient storage, retrieval and management of data

DBMS (Database management system)

Software that allows users and programs to interact with a database (manipulation, retrieval and control of data)

Examples of DMBS

MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft Access

Advantages of DBMS

-Redundancy control

-Data integrity

-Data consistency

-Data sharing

-Standardization of data

What a DMBS can handle

-Data entries and updates

-Queries

-Forms

-Reports

Database models

collection of logical structures defining how data is organized and related

Common database models

-Relational (Most relevant)

-Hierarchical (Tree-like structure)

-Network (complex many-to-many relationships)

-Object-oriented

-Document

Relational database model

Organizes data into tables (relations), consisting of rows (records) and columns (Fileds)

Elements of relational database models

-Tables (stores data about one entity)

-Row (Stores one instance of the entity)

-Column (a Field/characteristic)

-Domain (The set of possible values for an attribute)

-Primary Key (a column combination that uniquely identifies each row)

-Foreign key (A column in one table that refers to a PK in another table)

Database design principles

-Identify tables

-Determine fields

-Set data types

-Choose primary keys

-Define relationships

-Eliminate redundancy

Types of table relationships

-One-to-One

-One-to-Many

-Many-to-Many

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