trends

Social Change

significant and lasting transformation in the behavior,

relationships, norms, institutions, or values of a society.

Technology, Population, Environment, Cultural Diffusion, Movements

CAUSES OF SOCIAL CHANGE

Technology

e.g., use of social media, AI

Population

growth, migration

Environment

climate change, disasters

Cultural Diffusion

influence from other societies

Movements

e.g., gender equality, environmentalis

STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL THEORY

- TALCOTT PARSONS

- Social change happens gradually and naturally to

maintain stability and order in society

- Every part of society serves a function, and changes happen when these functions need to adjust.

- Example: Introduction of mental health breaks or wellness days to support students' well-being.

CONFLICT THEORY

- KARL MARX

- Social change arises from conflicts between groups with unequal power or resources

- often revolutionary and driven by the struggle for justice and equality.

- Example: Civil rights protests that challenged racial discrimination and changed laws.

EVOLUTION THEORY

- (HERBERT SPENCER)

- Society develops from simple to complex forms, much like biological evolution

- Change is seen as linear and progressive, moving toward improvement and modernization.

- Example: From handwritten assignments to using tablets and laptops for homework.

SYSTEMIC INTERACTIONISM THEORY

- (GEORGE HERBERT MEAD)

- Social change begins from small interactions among individuals

- When people's meanings and perceptions change, society changes too.

- EXAMPLE: Stigma reduction of mental illness due to open conversations online.

trend

- general direction in which something is developing or

changing

- pattern of gradual change in a condition, output, or process that shows movement in a particular direction over time

- reflect what is currently popular or gaining popularity across communities, cultures, or systems.

TREND

- long-lasting direction of change or growth

- develops gradually over time and affects how people think, behave, or live

- influence culture, industries, and even daily habits.

FAD

- becomes popular very quickly, but disappears just as fast

- driven by hype, imitation, or entertainment

- often superficial and short-lived

NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS

people who follow a certain trend which is started by an

individual or a group of people, which grows into a community, and eventually swells into national and

international societies.

PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR

trend that is formed from repetitive actions of people

LONG PERIOD OF TIME

trend has to have a long-time frame, sometime running for decades

CAUSE

the starting point of a trend ; beginning of its emergence (idea, a technology, an event, or a person)

CONSEQUENCE

considerable impact or influence of a trend

TREND SYSTEMATIC (LINEAR TREND)

- moves in one direction—either upward or downward over a long period of time

- consistent and steady

- Increase in the use of smartphones from 2010 to present

SEASONAL SYSTEMATIC

- trend repeats every year or every season.

- influenced by climate, holidays, or regular yearly events

IRREGULAR SYSTEMATIC (RANDOM TRENDS)

- happen because of unexpected events like disasters, global issues, or viral content

- suddenly and cannot be predicted

microtrend

- small-scale trend

- affects a specific group of people.

- short-term and limited to a niche or community

- specific TikTok dance challenge, Local café themes or food fads

macrotrend

- medium-scale trend that affects a larger population and usually lasts longer than a microtrend

- Growth of plantito/plantita lifestyle, Widespread use of smartphones

megatrend

- large-scale trend that creates long-term, lasting impact on society, economy, culture, and even values

- Digitalization and automation, Climate change awareness, Shift to renewable energy

gigatrend

- largest type of trend

- global, affects multiple generations, and often redefines how humans live

- extremely long-lasting and may shape human history

- Global population growth, Urbanization and migration to cities

family and peers

The need to be appreciated and recognized begins with those social institutions such as

Local networks

groups of people, organizations, or systems that are connected within a specific local area.

FAMILY

- basic unit of the society

- emotional, financial, and moral support

- Teaches foundational values such as respect, love, honesty, and discipline

- First source of socialization — where identity and habits are first formed

SCHOOL

- expected to hasten social change through formal learning

- critical thinking, skills, and discipline

- Encourages interaction with peers, teachers, and the larger learning community

- Exposes students to societal roles, leadership, and civic duties

CHURCH

- institution which creates a network among people specially among believers to achieve social control

- Reinforces spiritual and moral development

- Acts as a support system in times of need or crisis

- Fosters a sense of purpose, belonging, and community involvement

GOVERNMENT

- political institution that was established to unify people through efficient leadership

- Provides public services (education, health, security, infrastructure)

- Creates and enforces laws for order and safety

- Organizes community programs and disaster responses

SOCIAL MEDIA

- comprised of a structured communication channel

- Connects individuals beyond physical boundaries

- Allows fast and constant exchange of information, ideas, and content

- Shapes personal identity and public persona

PEERS

- individuals of the same age or social group, such as classmates or friends

- Provides emotional support, companionship, and validation

- Encourages collaboration, social interaction, and identity formation.

- Helps individuals explore ideas, behaviors, and lifestyles.

FAMILY SOCIALIZATION

initial stage of human interaction ; beginning of influence is rooted in the individual's exposure to the activities, expressions, practices,

NUCLEAR FAMILY

MATRIFOCAL FAMILY

EXTENDED FAMILY

BLENDED FAMILY

two people remarry or form a partnership and bring their children from previous relationships together

- Includes step-parents and step-siblings

- May require adjustments in roles and relationships

- Grows out of separation, divorce, or widowhood

CO HABITATION (LIVE - IN)

couple living together without being legally married

GAY OR LESBIAN FAMILY

parents are of the same sex, often legally married or

cohabiting, and may have biological, adopted, or surrogate children.

LONE PARENT FAMILY

only one parent (mother or father) lives with and raises the child or children.

MODIFIED EXTENDED FAMILY

extended family living apart but still in communication via phone, email, Skype, and other media networks.

Strategic Analysis

systematically studying current conditions and possible future scenarios in order to create a well-informed response to change.

Tools Analysis

Uses to help in the formulation of strategy (E.G. SWOT and PESTLE analysis)

Rational

- Being logical in examining a situation

- thinking clearly and basing decisions on facts, not just emotions or guesses

- strategic analysis, rationality ensures that solutions are well-thought-out and not impulsive.

Goals

- talks about the purpose of the organization

- Without clear goals, it's impossible to know what strategy to use.

- Goals help align all actions toward a common direction.

Systematic

- There is a systematic process in identifying problems.

- starts with defining the problem, gathering data, analyzing options, and then making decisions

- method reduces errors and ensures all factors are considered

SWOT ANALYSIS

tool analysis used to know the INTERNAL FACTORS (Strength and Weaknesses), and EXTERNAL FACTORS (Opportunities, and Threats) in an organization to achieve a goal

INTERNAL FACTORS -

Factors within a company (Strengths, and weaknesses)

EXTERNAL FACTORS

Affecting factors outside the company that affects its plans

PEST ANALYSIS

tool used in an organization that can assess major external factors that influence its operation in order to achieve goal and be competitive

POLITICAL

ECONOMIC

SOCIOLOGICAL

TECHNOLOGICAL

LEGAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

Intuitive Thinking

type of thinking that relies on gut feeling, immediate understanding, or instinct rather than conscious reasoning or step-by-step analysis.

- fast, automatic, and often based on past experiences, emotions, or patterns we unconsciously recognize.

Lack of Rationalization

- Basta ito ang pakiramdam ko

- Intuitive thinking does not rely on logical reasoning or evidence

- person might not be able to explain why they made a decision — they just "felt" it was right

- doesn't mean it's always wrong; it can be based on years of unnoticed experiences

Non-Sequential Process

- Walang step-by-step, diretso action agad

- Intuitive decisions are not made through a linear or organized process

- no need to gather data, compare options, or weigh pros and cons

- skips straight to the conclusion

Insights

- Parang bigla ko lang naintindihan

- sudden realizations or understandings that feel immediate and deep

- based on accumulated experiences, emotional cues, or subtle patterns the brain has picked up over time

- appear without conscious effort

Gut Feel

- May kutob ako

- strong inner sense that something is right or wrong — even without evidence

- comes from past experiences, subconscious knowledge, or even body signals

- one of the most common forms of intuitive thinking