Module 13

Enactive Representation

Children represent objects through immediate sensations and muscle responses, involving motor actions like riding a bicycle and tying a knot.

Iconic Representation

A stage of learning where models and pictures are used, allowing learners to use mental images to represent objects or events.

Symbolic Representation

The ability to think abstractly using symbol systems, such as language and mathematical notation, to encode knowledge.

Spiral Curriculum

An educational approach where the same content is taught at different levels of complexity, allowing students to build upon prior knowledge.

Discovery Learning

A method where students gain knowledge through exploration and manipulation of activities, enabling them to learn new concepts independently.

Predisposition to Learn

Bruner's concept that readiness for learning can be cultivated by fitting subjects to a child's cognitive abilities, promoting a love for learning.

Structure of Knowledge

The organization of knowledge in a way that is easily graspable for learners, emphasizing the importance of structure in teaching.

Effective Sequencing

The arrangement of lessons in increasing difficulty to enhance learning, recognizing that no single sequencing fits all learners.

Reinforcement

The use of rewards and punishments in learning, with a focus on fostering interest in the subject matter rather than competitive external goals.

Criterial Attributes

Required characteristics necessary for an object to be included in a specific category.

Identity Categories

Categories that group objects based on shared attributes or features.

Equivalent Categories

Categories that provide rules for combining objects based on affective, functional, or formal criteria.

Coding Systems

Hierarchical arrangements of related categories that go beyond immediate sensory data, aiding in cognition and recognition of sensory input.