Chapter 15 Simple IDs

Deism

liberal religious belief held by many of the Founders such as Paine, Jefferson, and Franklin that stressed rationilism and moral behavior rather than Christian revelation while retaining beilief in a Supreme being

Second Great Awakening

religious revival that began in the frontier and swept eastward stirring an evangelical spirit in many areas of American life

Methodist and Baptists

the two religious denominations that benefited most from the evangelical revivals of the early nineteenth century

mormons

religious group founded by Joseph Smith that eventually established a cooperative commonwealth in Utah

burned over district

area of western New York state where frequent fervent religious revivals produced intense religious controversies and numerous new sects

women's rights convention at seneca falls

memorable 1848 meeting in New York where women made an appeal based on the Declaration of Independence

Oberlin College

Evangelical College in Ohio that was the first institution of higher education to admit blacks and women

Brook Farm

Short lived intellectual commune in Massachusetts based on "plain living and high thinking"

Monticello

Thomas Jefferson's stately self designed home in Virginia that became a model of American architecture

Shakers

long lived communal religious group, founder by Mother Ann Lee that emphasized simple living and prohibited all marriage and sexual relationships

transcendentalism

philosophical and literary movement centered in New England that greatly influenced many American writers of the early nineteenth century

On the Duty of Civil Disobedience

The doctrine promoted by American writer Henry David Thoreau in an essay of the same name that later influenced Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr.

Leaves of Grass

Walt Whitman's originally shocking poetic masterpiece that embraced sexual liberation and celebrated America as a great democratic experiment

Moby Dick

Herman Millville's great but commercially unsuccessful novel about Captain Ahab's obsessive pursuit of a white whale

Minstrel Shows

popular nineteenth century musical entertainments that featured white actors and singers with painted black faces

Dorothea Dix

Quietly determined reformer who substantially improved conditions for the mentally ill

Brigham Young

The “Mormon Moses” who led persecuted Latter-Day Saints to their promised land in Utah

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Leading feminist who wrote the “Declaration of Sentiments” in 1848 and pushed for women’s suffrage

Lucretia Mott

Quaker women’s rights advocate who also strongly supported abolition of slavery

Emily Dickinson

Reclusive New England poet who wrote about love, death, and immortality

Charles Grandison. Finney

Influential evangelical revivalist of the Second Great Awakening

Amelia Bloomer

Female reformer who promoted short skirts and trousers as a replacement for highly restrictive women’s clothing

John Humphrey Noyes

Leader of a radical New York commune that practiced complex marriage and eugenic birth control

Mary Lyon

Pioneering women’s educator, founder of Mount Holyoke Seminary in Massachusetts

Louisa May Alcott

A leading female transcendentalist who wrote Little Women and other novels to help support her family

James Fenimore Cooper

Path-breaking American novelist who contrasted the natural person of the forest with the values of modern civilization

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Second-rate poet and philosopher, but first-rate promoter of transcendentalist ideals and American culture

Walt Whitman

Bold, unconventional poet who celebrated American democracy

Edgar Allan Poe

Eccentric genius whose tales of mystery, suffering, and the supernatural departed from general American literary trends

Herman Melville

New York writer whose romantic sea tales were more popular than his dark literary masterpiece