Georgia Studies Unit 8: Reconstruction.

Unit 8 study guide 6-8

Who formed the largest group of Republicans in the South?

The African Americans.

Define: Carpetbaggers

Northerners who came to south to make a profit.

Define: Scalawags

Southerners who were on the Republicans side.

Why did Georgia’s Constitutional Convention get moved from Milledgeville to Atlanta?

Because many nearby hotels were not allowing the blacks to stay in them.

Once in Atlanta, what did the delegates at the convention do?

Wrote a new constitution giving civil rights to all states citizens. Ratified 14th amendment. Approved free public education for all children. Allowed married women to control their property.

Who were Tunis G. Campbell, Henry McNeal Turner, and Aaron A. Bradley?

Some of the 29 african americans elected for GA house of representatives. There were also 3 blacks elected for senate.

What were Campbell, Turner, and Bradely expelled from their positions for?

The 14th amendment had given blacks the right to vote but didn’t clarify they had to right to hold office.

What did Henry McNeal Turner urge African Americans to do?

Move back to Africa.

How did the abolishing of slavery impact plantations workers?

They had to find a different labor souce since slavery was abolished.

Define: Sharecropping

an agricultural system in which the landless farmers can work in the land of a landowner with the landowner providing land, food, tools, animals, and seeds/fertilization In exchange for the tenants labour.

Define: Tenant Farming

an agricultural system where farmers work on the land of the land owner and own a part of it and use their own tools while getting a small profit and giving a profit to the land owners

What was provided by the land owner in Tenant farming?

The land

What was provided by the Tenant in Tenant farming?

Tools/animals and the labour

Why were tenant farmers typically better off than Sharecroppers?

Got a small profit

Why were sharecropping and tenant farming systems beneficial to GAs landowners?

were able to use land with out paying for labour or buying technology

At the end of the reconstruction, what was the most important crop in most of GA?

Cotton

What 2 cities became major port cities in Ga?

Svannah and Brunswick

Why did governer Bullock ask the federal government to bring military rule back to GA?

KKK refusing blacks the right to vote. The black representatives being kicked off of General Assembly

What was the 15th amendment?

All men that are citizens of the U.S. can vote.

How many times did Georgia meet the requirements to be admitted back into the Union before reconstruction ended?

Three times.

How long did reconstruction last in Ga?

5 years, ended in 1870

Define: Solid South

meant the souths polical positions were in control of democrats the south was in solid control.

After reconstruction, how did democrats hold the Governers office in Ga?

about 100 years

After the reconstruction, in what year did a republican become georgias governer again?

2002, Sonny Perdue

How did workers but supplies before they had money from harvest?

Credit,

Why was credit a problem?

gave sharecroppers little income and also due to illiteracy they were taken advantage of causing them to be in debt as years passed by.

What caused National Reconstruction to end?

In 1876 elections Tilben and haydes both won so Haydes was given office(republican) under terms he ended recontruction.

Define: Amend

To change or make an addition too

Define: Civil Rights

Rights such as voting, freedom if speech, and right to trail by jury that are guaranteed to citizens.

Define: Discrimination

Unjust or prejudice treatment towards categories of people especially on the terms of race or religion.

Define: Disenfranchise

To take away the right to vote from a person or group.

Define: Radical

Person who wants extreme change.

Define: Ratify

To officially approve or accept.

Define:Repeal

To revoke or withdraw formally/officially.

Define: Suffrage

The right to vote.

What were conditions in Georgia at end the end of the Civil War?

Farms were in ruins, homes, railways and bridges were destroyed or in need of repair. Not enough food and the banks were closed making the confederate money useless, many had died from war and the state was in crippling debt.

Who were the Freedmen?

The former slaves of the confederacy.

What was the Freedman’s Bureau originally?

The bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and the Abandoned Lands.

In the beginning, what was the purpose of the Freedmen bureau?

Was for former slaves and poor whites cope with their everyday problems by being offered clothes, food, and other neccesityies.

What did the focus of the Freedmen’s Bureau change too?

Helping the freedmen adjust to their new circumstances.

What colleges in Georgia were established by the Freedmen’s Bureau?

Clark Atlanta University and Morehouse college

What was the Ku Klux Klan(KKK)?

A secret organization put in place to try to keep freedmen from exercising their rights.

What did the KKK not want the freedmen to be able to do?

Vote, they wanted to take away the freedmens suffrage.

What Lincolns goal when planning the Reconstruction of the South?

To restore the southern states as quickly and easily as possible.

Define: Reconstruction

The process of rebuilding the south and returning then to the Union

What was Lincolns plan called?

The ten percent plan

What were the 2 parts of lincolns reconstruction plan?

Voters in each state had to take an oath of loyalty to regain their citizenship.

And when 10% of voters took the oath the state would be allowed to revise constitution and rejoin Union.

What was the 13th amendment?

Abolished Slavery

Who would not be pardoned under Lincolns planned?

Former confederate government and high ranking military leaders

How did congress feel the south should be treated?

Though they should be punished and believed that the seceded states should be treated like a conquered country.

Why was Lincolns plan not enacted?

He was assassinated before it could be put into action.

Where did Lincolns assassination occur and who was involved?

Was assassinated by John Wilkes Booths while watching a play in the Ford theater.

After Lincoln, who became the 17th president?

Andrew Johnson

How did Johnson change Lincolns plan for Reconstruction?

He expanded the groups of Southerners who were not granted a pardon.

Who were the Radical Republicans?

Those who believed in a more radical or extreme form of reconstruction.

How did the radical republicans feel the south should be treated?

Wanted to punish the south. Believed majority f the states voting population should take the oath of allegiance and that the civil rights of the freedmen should be protected. Also believed Congress should be in charge of the reconstruction instead of the president.

What was the reason Johnston’s plan was not enacted?

Conflict grew so much between him and the radical republicans that congress eventually impeached Johnson. Was impeached for not enforcing the reconstruction laws passed by congress.

Define: Impeach

When elected person is formally accused of doing something wrong in hopes of removing them from office.

Which house of U.S. Congress can remove the U.S. president?

The House of Representatives

What were the parts of the Congressional (Radical Republicans) Reconstruction plan?

-Iron Clad oath, 100% of the states voting population had to swear an oath of allegiance

-all states would be under military occupation.

-Congress should be in charge of the reconstruction not the president.

Define: Black Codes

Regulations that limited the Freedmens rights.

Give examples of Black codes (what could the freedmen do and not do. And what kind of punishments would the freedmen face?)

Limited the jobs the Freedmen could have. Established labor periods from sunrise to sunset, six days a week. Forced freedmen to take whatever jobs they could find regardless of low wages or other conditions. Did not allow freedmen to vote. Permitted the imprisonment of jobless blacks and whipping as a punishment.

What was the 14th amendment?

Guaranteed citizenship to African-Americans and gave them all the rights protected by the Bill of Rights.

Why did congress say that the southern states were not “adequately constructed”?

due to their “Black Codes”

When congress said that the south was not adequately constructed, what was the requirement to remain a part of the Union?

the southern states had to ratify the 14th amendment.

Which states refused ratified the 14th amendment?

All states except TN.

Now under military control, what did Georgia have to do?(3 things)

1.Register all male voters-black and white who swore allegiance to the U.S.

2. Hold a constitutional convention to draft a new constitution that extended the right to vote to African Americans.

3. Ratify the new constitution and the 14th amendment.

Were in military section 3.

What other groups did the KKK reign their terror on?

African Americans, Whites who supported blacks(the carpetbaggers and the scalawags)