structural and geometric isomers
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30 Terms
What are structural isomers?
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.
How do structural isomers differ from each other?
They differ in the connectivity of atoms
Give an example of two structural isomers with formula C4H10.
Butane and 2-Methylpropane.
What is the molecular formula of all isomers of butane?
C4H10.
Draw or imagine two structures for C4H10 and name them.
CH3CH2CH2CH3 (butane) and CH3CH(CH3)CH3 (2-methylpropane).
How many structural isomers does propane (C3H8) have?
Only one.
How many structural isomers does pentane (C5H12) have?
Three: pentane
Name the straight-chain isomer of C5H12.
Pentane.
Name the branched isomer of C5H12 with one methyl group on carbon 2.
2-Methylbutane.
How many structural isomers does hexane (C6H14) have?
Five.
Name all five isomers of hexane (C6H14).
Hexane; 2-Methylpentane; 3-Methylpentane, 2,2-Dimethylbutane, 2,3-Dimethylbutane
What is the molecular formula of all isomers of hexane?
C6H14.
Name the isomer of C6H14 with a methyl group on carbon 2.
2-Methylpentane.
What rule determines which chain is the parent chain in IUPAC naming?
Choose the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms.
What is the condensed structural formula for 2-Methylpentane?
CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3.
What is the condensed structural formula for 2,2-Dimethylpropane?
CH₃–C(CH₃)₂–CH₃
What is the molecular formula for all alkanes with six carbons?
C6H14.
What general formula represents all alkanes?
CnH2n+2.
Why does the number of isomers increase with chain length?
Because longer chains allow more possible branching patterns.
What type of isomerism is shown by 2-Methylpropane and Butane?
Structural (chain) isomerism.
What type of isomerism is NOT shown by alkanes?
Functional group or position isomerism (since all have single bonds only).
How can you confirm two molecules are isomers?
They have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.
What does the prefix “iso-” traditionally refer to in alkane names?
A chain with a single methyl branch at the end (e.g.
Which alkane has three structural isomers?
Pentane (C5H12).
Which alkane has five structural isomers?
Hexane (C6H14).
How many isomers does ethane (C2H6) have?
Only one.
How many isomers does methane (CH4) have?
Only one.
what are geometric isomers?
molecules with the same atoms and connectivity but different spacial arrangement
distinguish between geometric vs structural isomers
structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different structures, while geometric isomers have the same order of atom bonding but the atoms are arranged differently in space.
Name the isomer of but-2-ene where both CH₃ groups are on the same side of the double bond.
Name the isomer of but-2-ene where the CH₃ groups are on opposite sides of the double bond.
What is the IUPAC name for the cis isomer of CH₃CH=CHCH₂CH₃?
What is the IUPAC name for the trans isomer of CH₃CH=CHCH₂CH₃?
Which geometrical isomer of CH₃CH=CHCH₃ has a higher boiling point and why?
cis-but-2-ene
trans-but-2-ene
cis-pent-2-ene
trans-pent-2-ene
cis-but-2-ene, because it is polar as both CH₃ groups are on the same side of the double bond, leading to stronger intermolecular forces and a higher boiling point.