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life-span perspective
An approach that views development as a lifelong process involving changes across the entire lifespan.
adolescence
The transitional stage of development between childhood and adulthood.
moral reasoning
The process by which individuals try to determine right from wrong in a logical manner.
moral intuitions
Quick, emotional responses that guide our judgments about moral issues.
identity
Understanding and defining oneself in terms of personal qualities and beliefs.
social identity
The part of an individual's identity derived from their membership in social groups.
intimacy
Close familiarity or friendship; the state of being intimate.
emerging adulthood
A developmental stage occurring from late teens to mid-twenties, characterized by exploration and instability.
x chromosome
One of the two sex chromosomes; females have two X chromosomes.
y chromosome
The sex chromosome found in males; it typically determines male biological traits.
testosterone
A hormone that plays a key role in the development of male physical characteristics.
puberty
The time period in which the body undergoes significant physical changes to achieve sexual maturity.
primary sex characteristics
Physical attributes directly involved in reproduction, such as the ovaries and testes.
secondary sex characteristics
Physical characteristics that develop during puberty and distinguish the sexes but are not directly involved in reproduction.
menarche
The first occurrence of menstruation in females.
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the virus that can lead to AIDS.
AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, a life-threatening condition caused by HIV.
sexualization
The process of inflating the significance of sex in life and how it is the basis of interpersonal relationships.
sexual orientation
A person's emotional or sexual attraction to individuals of the same or opposite gender.
menopause
The time in a woman's life when menstrual cycles end, typically occurring in the late 40s or early 50s.
cross-sectional studies
Research studies that analyze data from a population at a specific point in time.
longitudinal studies
Research studies that follow the same subjects over a period of time to observe changes.
social clock
The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage and parenthood.
