ACM Test 1

Sanitations and intro to canine, PE, Into to Felines.

Alopecia

Hair loss

Ectoparasites

Parasites that live on the outside of the body such as fleas, ticks, mites,

and lice

Superficial Lymph nodes

Mandibular, Prescapular, Axillary, Inguinal, Popliteal

Cherry eye

Prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid typically a red pink lump you can

see in the inner corner of the eye

Ectropion

Outward of rolling out the eyelid

Entropion

Inward rolling of the eyelid

Epiphora

Excessive tearing overflow of tears onto the face

Conjunctiva

The thin pinkish membrane lining the inside of the eyelids and covering

part of the eyeball

Sclera

The white part of the eye

Cornea

The clear outer surface of the front of the eye that allows light to enter

Cataract

Cloudiness of the lens which is inside the eye behind the iris and pupil

Pinna

The external visible part of the ear the ear flap

Brachygnathic

Shorter Jaw

Prognathic

Longer Jaw/Muzzle

Scissor bite

Upper incisors slightly overlap the lowers

Level bite

Upper and lower incisors meet evenly edge to edge

Lordosis

An abnormal inward downward curvature of the spine

Kyphosis

Spine arches upwards

Auscultation

Listening to internal body sounds with a stethoscope

Sinus arrhythmia

The heart rate changes with your breathing

When you inhale, your heart rate increases, and when you exhale, your heart rate decreases

Heart murmur

When the blood flows the wrong way inside the heart, you can hear abnormal whooshing sounds

Rales

Abnormal crackling/ popping lung sounds

Apnea

No breathing

Tachypnea

Fast breathing

Tachycardia

Fast heart rate

Bradypnea

Slow breathing

Bradycardia

Slow heart rate

Monorchid

Only one testicle is present

Bilateral cryptorchid

Both testicles failed to descend into the scrotum

Anal glands

Two small scent sacs located on either side of the anus

Righting reflex

An animal's automatic ability to orientate itself into a normal upright

position

Conscious proprioception

Animals’ conscious awareness of where their limbs or paws are

positioned in space, you typically are testing a knuckle or paw over

How may a vet tech effectively describe discharge

Purulent, Brown, mucous, green, smells foul, thick

Vet tech practice model 5 steps

Assessment

Tech evaluation

Planning

Implementation

Evaluation

VT Practice model Assessment explanation

Gather information

VT Practice model Tech Evaluation explanation

Identify the patient’s problems and needs

VT Practice model Planning explanation

Develop a plan for patient care

VT Practice model Implementation explanation

Carry out your planning

VT Practice model Evaluation explanation

Determine if the plan worked and reassess the patient

What is the overall goal of the VT practice model

Step-by-step repeating process vet techs use to provide organized and consistent patient care

How many quadrants in the lungs should you listen to

There are 9

Which Lymph nodes are palpable, and what are their names

Mandibular- Palpable

Prescapular

Axillary

Inguinal

Popliteal - Palpable

Use directional terms to describe where each lymph node is located

Mandibular- Ventral to the mandible

Prescapular - Craniel to the shoulder joint

Axillary - medial to the proximal thoracic limb within the axilla

Inguinal - medial to the proximal pelvic limb within the inguinal regon

Popliteal - Caudal to the stiffe

Left eye abbriviation

O/S

Right eye abbriviation

O/ D

Both eyes abbreviation

O / U

Left ear abbreviated

AS

Right ear Abbreviated

AD

Both ears

A/U

Normal temp in both Cats and Dogs

102.2

How do you obtain a pulse on a dog and describe the location

Femoral artery, Medial Proximal Groin

Normal heart rate for dogs

60 - 160bpm

Normal HR for a cat

140 - 220bpm

Normal respiratory rate for a K9

16 - 32rpm

Normal respiratory rate for a Cat

20 - 42

What can be another primary vital

Weight

Weight: either in KG or LBS; convert when needed

How do you get your rate for respiratory and HR/Pulse

How many do you count in 15 seconds x 4 = your rate

Mucus membrane what are you doing

(MM) Observing the color and moistness of the membrane

What are the different types of colors you can observe in the (MM)

Pink (Normal)

Cyanotic (Blue)

Injected (Bright Red)

Muddy (Dark Red)

Pale (White, Pale Pink)

Capillary refill time (CRT)

Press on any non-pigmented mucous membrane and watch for refill time; it should be 1-2 seconds. Anything <2 is not acceptable

Skin tent (ST)

On or near the scruff, if the scruff is abnormal, go to the mid-back and gently lift. Watch how long it takes to return to normal should be (Immediate)

What are the ranges of the Body Conditioning Scoring System (BCS)

(1-9) (1-5)

The number 9 system gives you a more detailed description and lets you have the ability to notice more subtle changes if you use it over time with a patient.

When doing a patient’s (BCS) describe 1-5

1-very thin

2-underweight

3-Ideal

4-overweight

5-obese

Describe a physical exam

Basis fo

Describe Systemically for Vet Techs

Developi

What is the incident protocol

If you are scratched or bitten, wash that area immediately with antibacterial soap, apply ice if there is swelling, and fill out an incident report with faculty members

Characteristics of the Feline

Semi-solitary - mostly hunt on their own but will sometimes be a part of a pride which has other female cats, where they all share and raise their young

Territorial - Intact male cats (Toms), fighting, spraying, kill kittens on their territory to bring mom back into estrus

Special Senses - Amazing night vision

DSH, DLH, DMH

Domestic short hair, Domestic long Hair, Domestic Medium hair

Feline reproduction difference in sexing kittens

The distance between the anus and genital opening in males is 2x longer than in females

Males - Resembles a colon

Female - Resembles an inverted exclamation point

A Queen is

Female cat

Tom is what

Male

Queening is what

Giving birth

What is seasonal polyestrous in cats

Normally a photoperiod March - Oct cats cycle repeatedly during their breeding season until pregnancy or anestrus “Non-Breeding”

When should you Spay / Neuter your cat

Normally, 6 months of age, but some facilities do it as soon as 8 weeks of age

Why should you Spay and Neuter Cats

Females - Prevent unwanted diseases

Males - Getting infections from fighting, spraying

Upset Cat

Tail flick

Eyes dilated

Tense body

May roll or twist

vocalize, hiss, growl

Ears back

Defensive cat

All warning signs increase

Spitting, Yowling, Arched body, Ears forward, Hair standing up, Crouched in the back of the box or carrier

Agressive cat

Direct stare, they normally approach the front of the carrier, may lunge or strike even if not approched

What is a cats defense weapons

Flexible , Teeth , Claws , Vocalization

Things to remember while restraining for cats

Leave them in the carrier if they are more comfortable

Use the least amount of restarint as much as possible

They also like the scale and the floor sometimes so do the exam or procedure there if at all possible

Restraint tools for cats

Lether gloves

Cat bags

Towel

Muzzel

How can you make a cat’s vet visit more comfortable

pheromone spray

Let them walk out on their own

Catnip / Treats

Be more cautious and careful with these feline and canine patients

Geriatric, Kittens / Puppies, Pregnant , Injured pets (May bite if in pain)

Gun shyness for technicians

Injuries due to restraining fractious animals to regain confidince by “Get back on the horse”

Gun shyness for animals

Phobia of restraint if they have had a negative experience. “Make a note in the animal’s record”

What can rough handing do

Will cause the animal to retaliate if pushed too far “Use the least amount of restraint”

FAS (Fear, Anxiety, Stress): What are the color and number correlations

Green

Restraint tools for dogs

Muzzle

Leash

Cone

Basket

Distractions

Catch pole

Dog Defenses

Teeth, Claws, Running, Jumping

Restraint techniques

Sitting , Sternal recombacy , Lateral recomancy , Standing

Redirected behavior

Can happen when an animal cant attack its primary target so it may attack another “being”

Dog Aggressive behavior

Competitive or offensive interaction with other animals (Fighting) Try to keep them separate

Submissive behavior

Tail tucked, crouched, may show belly, ears down or back

Fear, aggressive Anxious

Semi crouched stance, head, neck, ears, tail, lower back, May back away, Scalera, maybe showing, trembling, yawning, salivating, licking lips, yawning

Dominated aggressive behavior

Growling barking, hairs standing on end tail set high up high stance weight on four legs tail, ears, head teeth showing, and may lunge forward

Threatened (aggressive) behavior

Growling barking

Showing teeth

Hair standing on end

Tense body

Dilated eyes

Relaxed neutral approachable

Tail half mast or wagging

Body stance relaxed

Ears up or relaxed

Eyes soft

Reproduction when they are sexually mature Female bitch dam

Six months of age, smaller dogs can reach their heat cycle, faster than larger dogs

How long is gestation

63 days

When is dogs first heat / estrus

6 months age 2 x a year