Nutrition

What are the three macronutrients required by humans?

Carbohydrates lipids and proteins

How many calories per gram do carbohydrates provide?

4 calories per gram

How many calories per gram do lipids provide?

9 calories per gram

What is the general formula for simple sugars?

Cn(H2O)n

What are the three monosaccharides commonly found in carbohydrates?

Glucose fructose and galactose

What is a disaccharide?

A carbohydrate made of two monosaccharides joined together with the removal of a water molecule

What is the main function of insulin in carbohydrate metabolism?

It signals body cells to absorb glucose for energy or storage

What is dietary fiber?

A non digestible complex carbohydrate that supports gut health and aids bowel movement

What is positive nitrogen balance?

A condition where nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen loss resulting in growth tissue repair or pregnancy related protein gain

Name the two severe protein deficiency diseases discussed in the lecture.

Kwashiorkor and marasmus

What is food according to Codex Alimentarius?

Any substance intended for human consumption including drinks and chewing gum but excluding cosmetics tobacco and drugs

Why do humans need food?

For growth maintenance tissue repair disease resistance and energy

What are the three macronutrients?

Carbohydrates proteins and lipids

What are the two categories of malnutrition?

Under nutrition and over nutrition

How much energy does carbohydrate provide?

4 kcal per gram

What are the three monosaccharides mentioned in the lecture?

Glucose fructose and galactose

What is the sweetest monosaccharide?

Fructose

Name two examples of non starch polysaccharides.

Cellulose and pectin

Why is cellulose not digested by humans?

Humans do not produce the enzyme cellulase

Which transporter absorbs glucose and galactose into enterocytes?

Sodium Dependent Glucose Transporter 1 or SGLUT 1