History s2 finals

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54 Terms

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Thomas Jefferson

Believed in an 'Empire of Liberty,' promoting agrarianism and westward expansion.

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Andrew Jackson

Justified Indian Removal to open land for settlers.

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James K. Polk

Advocated for annexing Texas and Oregon to fulfill Manifest Destiny.

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Abraham Lincoln

Issued the Emancipation Proclamation to weaken the Confederacy and free enslaved people.

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Gen. Ulysses S. Grant

Rose due to his aggressive tactics and victories, leading Union forces.

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Gen. William T. Sherman

Implemented 'total war' strategies, including the March to the Sea.

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Andrew Johnson

Succeeded Lincoln; his lenient Reconstruction policies faced opposition.

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Thaddeus Stevens

Radical Republican advocating for harsh Reconstruction measures.

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Rutherford B. Hayes

Became president after the disputed 1876 election, ending Reconstruction.

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Karl Marx

Co-authored 'The Communist Manifesto,' promoting class struggle and socialism.

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David Livingstone

Missionary who explored Africa, promoting Christianity and commerce.

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King Leopold II

Belgian king who exploited Congo's resources, leading to atrocities.

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Gavrilo Princip

Assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, triggering WWI.

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Franz Ferdinand

His assassination sparked the onset of WWI.

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Lawrence of Arabia

British officer who supported Arab revolts against the Ottoman Empire.

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Tsar Nicholas II

Last Russian emperor; abdicated during the 1917 revolution.

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Vladimir Lenin

Led the Bolshevik Revolution, establishing a communist government in Russia.

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Teddy Roosevelt

Progressive president known for trust-busting and conservation efforts.

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Woodrow Wilson

Led U.S. during WWI; proposed the League of Nations.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt

Implemented New Deal to combat the Great Depression.

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Harry Truman

Authorized atomic bombings in Japan, ending WWII.

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Joseph Stalin

Soviet leader; expanded communism and led during WWII.

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Adolf Hitler

Nazi dictator whose policies led to WWII and the Holocaust.

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Benito Mussolini

Fascist leader of Italy, allied with Hitler.

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Hideki Tojo

Japanese general during WWII, responsible for Pearl Harbor attack.

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Lewis and Clark Expedition

Mapped territories, established U.S. presence.

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Indian Removal Act & Trail of Tears

Forced relocation of Native Americans.

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Polk's Expansion

Annexed Texas and Oregon; led to Mexican-American War.

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Slave vs. Free Debate

Disputes over slavery in new territories.

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Nat Turner's Revolt

Slave uprising in 1831.

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Fugitive Slave Law

Required return of escaped slaves.

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Bleeding Kansas

Violence over slavery in Kansas territory.

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John Brown's Raid

Attempted to start a slave revolt at Harpers Ferry.

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Republican Party Formation

Opposed expansion of slavery.

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Secession

Southern states left the Union after Lincoln's election.

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Civil War Phases

Early (1861-62), Mid (1862-63), Late (1863-64), Final (1864-65).

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North vs. South

North had more resources; South had better military leaders.

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Anaconda Plan

Union strategy to blockade and divide the South.

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Manassas (Bull Run)

First major battle; Confederate victory.

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Antietam

Bloodiest single-day battle; led to Emancipation Proclamation.

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Emancipation Proclamation

Freed slaves in Confederate states.

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Grant's Rise

Gained prominence through victories at Fort Donelson and Vicksburg.

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Sherman's March

Devastated South's infrastructure.

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Total War

Targeted civilian and military resources.

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Reconstruction

Efforts to rebuild and integrate Southern states.

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Freedmen's Bureau

Assisted freed slaves and poor whites.

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Black Codes

Restricted freedoms of African Americans.

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KKK

White supremacist group opposing Reconstruction.

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Radical vs. Democrat Plans

Radicals sought harsher measures; Democrats favored leniency.

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End of Reconstruction

Compromise of 1877; withdrawal of federal troops.

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Industrial Revolution

Shift to factory-based production.

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Capitalism

Private ownership; profit.

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