KQ3 !

Hitler’s main foreign policy plans? [4]

• Abolish ToV

• Expand German territory, and reverse all changes in ToV

• Lebensraum - carve out empire in Eastern Europe to give German population extra ‘living space’

• Defeat communism

What year did LoN disarmament conference collapse?

1934

When was Hitler’s massive rally and what was it celebrating?

1935 celebrating the German armed forces

When was the Anglo-German naval agreement and what were the terms?

1935, Hitler to restore German naval strength to 35% of the Royal Navy

When was conscription reintroduced?

1936

How much did armaments spending increase between 1935 and 1939?

7.4% in 1935 to 23% in 1939

How many warships did Hitler have in 1932 vs 1939?

30 in 1932, 95 in 1939

How many military aircraft did Hitler have in 1932 vs 1939?

36 in 1932, 8,250 in 1939

How many soldiers did Hitler have in 1932 vs 1939?

100 000 in 1932, 950 000 in 1939

Why did Hitler get away with re-armament? [3]

• Began in secret

• Many other countries were using re-armament to help tackle unemployment.

• Britain had sympathy for Germany - ToV too harsh

Results and impact of 1935 Saar Plebiscite? [3]

• 90% vote to return to German rule

• Boosted Hitler’s prestige

• Propaganda success for Hitler

Why was Rhineland Remilitarisation allowed? [3]

• Britain felt Germany was only going into ‘its own backyard’

• France would not act without British support

• The LoN issued a condemnation but nothing more

What led to the Anschluss, when was it, and what were the impacts? [9]

• Mussolini had prevented it in 1934, but was now an ally of Hitler

• Chamberlain felt it should be allowed

• Hitler used the Austrian Nazi Party to put pressure on Austrian Chancellor Dollfuss

• Austrian Nazi Party killed Dollfuss in 1934

• ANP caused a ruckus calling for Anschluss in 1938

• German troops marched in and plebiscite took place

• 99.75% voted for German rule

• In 1938

• Austria’s soldiers, weapons, and rich resources were added to Germany’s

How many German speakers lived in the Sudetenland?

3 500 000

Why and when was the Sudetenland transferred to Germany? [5]

• In 1938

• Sudetenland Nazis caused trouble

• Hitler said Sudetenland Germans were being mistreated

• Hitler said he would fight Czechoslovakia for Sudetenland

• Germany, Britain, France, and Italy agreed at Munich to give Sudetenland to Germany

When did Hitler invade Czechoslovakia?

March 1939

When did Hitler invade Poland?

1 September 1939

When did Britain and France declare war?

2 September 1939

Why did Britain and France allow the Anschluss? [4]

• Britain and France wanted to avoid war at all costs

• They were unsure they would defeat Hitler

• France would not take action without Britain

• British PM thought the Anschluss should be allowed and ToV was too harsh

Why did Hitler support Franco?

to save Spain from ‘communist barbarism’

What did Hitler hope to gain from the Spanish Civil War?

raw materials for his armaments industry, such as iron, copper, mercury and pyrites.

What techique did Hitler try in the Spanish civil war?

Carpet bombing

When did Hitler start supporting Spanish Nationalists?

late July 1936

What did Hitler send to Franco and why?

Hitler sent transport planes so Franco could move troops and equipment from Morocco to Spain

When did Hitler set up the Condor Legion and why?

At the end of 1936 to support Franco

What was in the Condor Legion?

personnel and equipment from the army, air force, and navy

What did Spanish aid from Hitler add up to by May 1939?

£43 million

What happened in Guernica in April 1937? [3]

• Guernica was bombed

• Over 1500 civilians were killed.

• Germany used the Luftwaffe/Condor Legion

Why did Britain and France follow a policy of Appeasement in the 1930s? [5]

• Communism - Hitler was standing up to communism

• WW1 - Britain and France wanted to avoid another world war at all costs

• The USA - They would not fight without the USA as they were likely to lose

• Versailles - They though once ToV had been reversed, Germany would be peaceful

• Economy - They were still suffering from Great Depression, and recovering from this was a higher priority

Why were Britain and France prepared to sign the Munich Agreement? [3]

• Wanted to avoid war at all costs

• Conservatives though Russian communists was larger threat than Hitler

• British military chiefs told Chamberlain they would lose against Hitler

Criticisms of appeasement? [6]

• Encouraged Hitler to be aggressive

• Put too much faith in Hitler

• Allowed Germany to become too strong

• Misjudged Hitler’s ruthlessness

• If they ended it in October 1938, Britain and France would have had support from the Czech army

• Alarmed the USSR

Justifications of appeasement? [4]

• Avoid war at all costs

• Britain wasn’t ready for war with Germany

• Public opinion was in favour of appeasement

• Many thought it was only fair for Germany to be able to defend itself

When and why did USSR join LoN?

In 1934, hoping it would guarantee security against Germany

What demonstrated the powerlessness of the LoN?

Abyssinian Crisis

When and why did Stalin sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact? [4]

• Munich agreement showed Hitler could want Eastern Europe and Russia

• Britain and France refused to guarantee support to Russia

• Stalin wanted the Baltic States, which he could not do if he had to go against Hitler

• It gave Stalin time to build up an army

Why was the Nazi-Soviet Pact important? [2]

• Gave Stalin time to build military

• Hitler could invade Poland without interference from Stalin

Why did Britain go to war over Poland?

Britain had guaranteed they would preserve the independence of Poland

What caused the outbreak of war in 1939 [3]

• Hitler left the League, began re-arming, re-occupied the Rhineland and united with Austria.

• Hitler could not justify the occupation of Czechoslovakia or Poland

• Britain and France had pledged alliance to Poland

What did Hitler say in Mein Kampf and when was it written? [2]

• Written in 1924

• He would abolish the Treaty of Versailles, expand German territory and defeat communism.

When did Hitler remilitarise the Rhineland and why? [3]

• In March 1936

• The League’s attention was on the Abyssinian affair

• the French were involved in a general election.