amt 122

the joining of various components and structures that form an entire aircraft.

Aircraft assembly

positioning and alignment of an aircraft's major sub-assemblies to produce a synergistic design.

rigging

Throughout the ____ century, manufacturers improved aircraft durability and safety by implementing advancements in construction techniques and materials technology into their products.

20th

During the ____ century, it will be the aircraft technician's responsibility to maintain the structural integrity of these aging aircraft as well as the structures of currently manufactured and future aircraft designs.

21st

conceived of a flying machine, which had flapping wings attached to a body that was modeled after a bird.

Leonardo da Vinci

The Greeks had ____ and his son ____ flying with wings made of feathers and wax, while other dreamers conjured up machines resembling birds.

Daedalus
Icarus

The gliders of ____ and ____ proved that manned flight was possible.

Lilienthal
Chanute

developed a biplane glider with which they solved one of the biggest problems of the time - the problem of control.

wright brothers

Up through _____, most airplanes were built with a truss structure that used struts and wire-braced wings. The occupants sat in open cockpits within a fabric-covered hull, or fuselage.

World War I

robbed much of the potential speed of the early airplanes.

air resistance

To minimize wind resistance and yet retain the strength provided by a truss structure, designers constructed a superstructure of wooden ____ and _____ over the framework to produce a more streamlined shape.

formers
stringers

provide the contoured cross-sectional shape to a structure

Formers

run the length between the formers to fill in the shape.

stringers

allowed the aircraft to be built with a more streamlined shape and provided further reductions in weight because the skin itself carried the structural loads.

stressed-skin structure

derived from the French meaning "single-shell."

monocoque

pioneered stressed-skin construction with the popular Vega series airplanes during the 1920s and 1930s.

Lockheed Aircraft Company

As a result of this investigation, _____ were installed at strategic locations throughout the airplane structure, especially around windows and doors.

rip-stop doublers

The lift producing surfaces of an aircraft, such as the wings of an airplane or the rotor of a helicopter, have an aerodynamically efficient shape

airfoil

provides the lifting force when it interacts with a moving stream of air.

airfoil

As air passes below the airfoil, it is deflected _____, and its velocity is slightly ____.

downward
decreased

By slowing, the energy in the air converts from velocity energy (kinetic energy) into _____

pressure energy

the deflection of the oncoming airstream upward and over the wing

upwash

the part of the airfoil which meets the airflow first

leading edge

the portion of the airfoil where the airflow over the upper surface rejoins the lower surface

trailing edge

the downward deflection of the airstream as it passes over the wing and past the trailing edge.

downwash

the characteristic curve of the airfoil’s upper and lower surfaces

camber

an imaginary straight line drawn through the airfoil from the leading edge to the trailing edge

chord line

the angle between the chord line of the airfoil and the direction of the relative wind

angle of attack

as the angle of attack increases, lift will ______

increase

the amount of lift produced is also affected by the ____ of the airfoil traveling through the atmosphere and the airfoil’s surface area.

velocity

if the airspeed is doubled, the amount of lift produced will increase ____ times

four

if the area of the airfoil is doubled, the amount of lift will ____

double

used on many slow-speed airplanes has its leading edge covered with thin sheet metal.

truss-type wing

are spaced at intervals throughout the wing structure and form the shape of the leading edge, camber, and trailing edge.

ribs

main spanwise member of the wing structure and carries the aerodynamic loads to the fuselage structure.

spar

the point at which the air pressures produced by the wing can be considered concentrated.

center of lift