Information Systems Quiz 1 Prep

Feedback Mechanism

A component in a well-designed information system used to monitor and control its operation.

People Component

The component of an information system that makes the difference between success and failure in all organizations.

Process

A set of related activities that takes input, adds value, and creates output for the customer.

Technology Infrastructure

An organization's data center, servers, software applications, databases, networks, and facilities.

Value Chain

A series of activities an organization performs to transform inputs into outputs in a way that the value of the input is increased

Organizational

Strategic planning is a process that helps leaders identify initiatives and projects to achieve ______ objectives.

End Users

People who work directly with information systems to get results, such as receptionists and managers.

Software

One of the five components of an information system that includes programs, applications, and operating systems that run user devices and provide functionality.

Data

The central component of the Five-Component Model that includes information about customers, products, and inventories.

Supply Chain

A key value chain whose primary processes include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing, and sales.

Chief Information Officer (CIO)

The IS role responsible for employing department resources to best achieve organizational goals.

Business Analyst

An IS career responsible for improving a company's competitiveness and performance across a broad spectrum of criteria.

Core Value

A widely accepted principle that guides how people behave and make decisions in an organization.

Digital Transformation

The process of significantly modifying existing services, products, and procedures using information systems and connectivity.

OKRs (Objectives and Key Results)

A system for creating alignment and engagement around measurable and ambitious goals.

Key Result

A specific, measurable result that must be achieved to reach an objective.

Project

A temporary endeavor that creates an actionable plan to achieve objectives and key results.

Innovation

The application of new ideas to products, processes, and activities, acting as a catalyst for growth and success.

Reengineering

Involves radical process redesign and top-down change driven by senior executives.

Continuous Improvement

Involves bottom-up change driven by workers constantly seeking ways to improve business processes (e.g., Lean, Six Sigma).

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

Systems that capture and process detailed data necessary to update records about fundamental business operations.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

A cloud model providing an operating system, programming language execution environment, database services, and web server.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Google Workspace (formerly the G Suite), which includes Google Docs, Sheets, and Presentations, is an example of this cloud service

other business units

An organization develops an overall strategic plan, which then sets the direction for ___________ of the organization.

competitive advantage

To maintain ________________, organizations and their products and services must continually evolve to account for changes in customer needs, market conditions, industry conditions, and competitor actions.

People, technology

The Five-Component Model also shows that information systems move work away from __________ and into ____________.

set objectives and key results

Which phase of the strategic planning process involves written descriptions of what the business wants to achieve?

Digital Transformation

_______________ is the process of significantly modifying existing services, products, and procedures using information systems, especially in the expanded use of connectivity.

Digital transformation

McDonald's has introduced mobile ordering through its app where customers order and pay for their meals as well as earn points for future products. Mobile ordering through the app has increased the efficiency of the company's ordering and order fulfillment processes, reducing customer wait times and increasing loyalty. Mobile ordering is an example of ________________.

Organizational change

A significant contributor to IT project failures is overlooking how the project deals with ___________

Culture

Together, the values, vision, and mission create the fundamental _________ of a company

Initiatives, mission

The __________ are temporary and will change constantly, whereas the values, __________, and vision will often not change.

The threat of new entrants is high.

Which of the statements below is NOT true about the United States domestic airline industry based on analyzing the industry with Porter's Five Forces Model?

Disruptive, sustaining

When first introduced in 1973, handheld cell phones were a(n) _________ innovation; Apple disrupted this market in 2007. Since then, Apple has relied on __________ innovation of the iPhone.

technology acceptance model

Which of the following is a theoretical framework that assesses the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use for a technology or information system?

diffusion of innovation theory

A key point of a/the _____________ is that adoption of any innovation does not happen all at once for all members of the targeted population; rather, it is a drawn-out process, with some people quicker to adopt the innovation than others.

Central processing unit

The three fundamental computer system hardware components include the _____________, memory, and input/output devices.

Memory

The __________ is a fundamental computer hardware system component that provides the processor with a working area to store program instructions and data.

Central processing unit (CPU)

The ____________ is also considered the "brain" of the computer. It receives instructions and performs calculations and other actions based on those instructions.

Input/output device

A(n) __________ is one of the three fundamental computer hardware system components. Examples include devices such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, speakers, and printer

nonvolatility; greater capacity; greater economy

Compared to main memory (RAM and ROM), secondary storage has advantages, including ____, ____, and ____.

Megabyte

A ________ is equal to 1 million bytes

RAM content is lost if the power is turned off or disrupted.

Which of the following is true about random access memory (RAM)?

Server

A ___________ is a specialized computer employed by many users to perform a specific task, such as running a web site, email, or application.

Backward compatibility

The ability in newer models of computer hardware or newer releases of an operating system to continue to support software written for previous versions of the hardware or operating system, even if the software was created years or decades ago, is considered ______________

application software

A spreadsheet program such as Microsoft Excel is an example of what kind of software?

SaaS applications are available from any computer or any device—anytime, anywhere.

What is the main advantage of software as a service (SaaS)?

produce batch user responses and reports

Transaction processing systems should accomplish the following objectives except:

customer relationship management systems.

Each of the systems below is a type of transaction processing system except:

Data editing

A Target associate scans a product, but the product is not found in the database. Therefore, the transaction is rejected. Which activity in the transaction processing cycle is this?

Data processing

An employee runs a report in which an employee's pay is calculated by multiplying the hours worked by the hourly pay rate. Overtime pay, federal and state tax withholdings, and deductions are also calculated. Which activity in the processing transaction cycle is this?

Online transaction processing

Which of the following systems is not an example of an enterprise system?

sourcing and procuring finished materials

Which activity is not included in supply-chain management (SCM) systems?

Customer relationship management

________________ system vendors include Zoho, Pipedrive, and Salesforce.

increased marketing reach

The following are the benefits of a product lifecycle management system except:

simplification of business processes

The following are challenges to the successful implementation of an ERP except

reduced availability and reliability issues.

The following are the advantages of a hosted software model for an ERP except:

high availability.

Cloud services include the following characteristics except:

Public

In a __________ cloud computing environment, a third-party service provider organization owns and manages the infrastructure (including computing, networking, storage devices, and support personnel), with cloud user organizations (called tenants) accessing slices of shared resources via the internet.

higher upfront costs

Which of the following is not a potential disadvantage of public cloud computing?

Multicloud

An organization can overcome vendor lock-in with _____________.

self-configuring, self-healing, self-optimizing, and self-protecting

Autonomic computing addresses which four key functions?

Cloud repatriation

_____________ is the process of an organization moving its workloads out of the cloud and back to on-premises infrastructure.

Connect and monitor

Automated monitoring and remote control with trend analysis and reporting is related to which type of Internet of Things (IoT) application?

greater control and oversight of company data

The following are advantages of Software as a Service except

transform and explore

Using sensor data combined with external data to provide new insights, enabling the creation of new business models, products, and services, is related to which type of Internet of Things (IoT) applications?

Public

In a __________ cloud computing environment, a third-party service provider organization owns and manages the infrastructure (including computing, networking, storage devices, and support personnel), with cloud user organizations (called tenants) accessing slices of shared resources via the internet.

if a local hardware or software failure occurs at one of the CSP's data centers, the service will be unavailable until the issue is resolved.

The following statements are true of public cloud service providers (CSPs) except:

IoT devices do not need an Internet Protocol (IP) address.

The following statements are true of the Internet of Things (IoT) except:

greater control and oversight of company data.

The following are advantages of Software as a Service except:

Predict and adapt

Using data to perform predictive analytics and initiate preemptive action is related to which type of Internet of Things (IoT) applications?