APUSH Period 1-2 Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for APUSH Period 1 and 2 review.

Specialized Colonies

Region-specific characteristics developed by the colonies

Spain's Colonial Purpose

Gold and silver mining in Latin and South America, primarily by solo males

France's Colonial Purpose

Fur trade and alliance with Natives in the western U.S., primarily by solo males

Great Britain's Colonial Purpose

Agricultural colonies in eastern U.S., with whole families migrating

Social Structure in Spanish and French Colonies

Fluid due to intermarriage, creating creoles and mulattoes

Social Structure in British Colonies

Rigid due to family migration and rare intermarriage, with Natives and African Americans at the bottom

Cultural Blending in Colonies

Natives mixed their religion (voodoo) with Christianity and created mixed languages

Conflicts with Natives

Resulted from land encroachment by colonists

North (New England/Bread-Basket) Colonies Economies

Grew grain crops that are not labor intensive. Did not require many slaves to farm because of that.

South (Chesapeake/Southern) Colonies Economies

Grew labor intensive crops such as tobacco, indigo and rice. Used slaves to harvest these.

Columbian Exchange

Transfer of animals, plants, and slaves across the Atlantic region after the discovery of the New World

Jamestown

First English settlement in the Americas, founded for gold but suffered from starvation due to a lack of farming knowledge

Captain John Smith

Helped Jamestown by fostering relations with Natives, who taught them how to plant crops

Puritans

Believed in Calvinist predestination and sought to purify the Anglican Church; founded Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony

Bacon's Rebellion (1676)

Rebellion by unsatisfied indentured servants due to lack of land; led to a distrust of indentured servants as a labor source

Stono Rebellion (1739)

Slave rebellion that led to tightened and stricter slave codes

First Great Awakening

Burst of Protestant denominations inspired by the Enlightenment, promoting the idea that all people can be saved

Encomienda System

A form of slavery used on Native American laborers

Headright System

Landowner gets land for every 'head' (person) they pay to travel to the New World

Indentured Servitude

Citizens of Great Britain work for a master in the New World to pay off their trip, and become free after their debt is paid

Chattel Slavery

Children born to enslaved mothers are automatically enslaved, creating a cheap labor source

Kinship Ties

Family connections between slaves formed as resistance to family separation during auctions

Mercantilism

Economic policy where a 'mother country' benefits from raw materials obtained from its colonies

Salutary Neglect

Period of relative colonial autonomy with little control from Great Britain over colonial affairs

Navigation Acts

Acts passed by Parliament to regulate colonial trade, restricting colonial exports to only Great Britain