Global History Regents Practice #2

Flashcards about important people, events, and concepts from world history based on lecture notes.

Who was Mohandas Gandhi and what were his key contributions?

Indian independence, Non-violence, Civil Disobedience; Influenced both in India and around the world

Who was Kwame Nkrumah and what role did he play in Ghana's history?

First President of Ghana; Led country to independence in 1957; Promoted Pan-Africanism

Who was Jomo Kenyatta and what were his key accomplishments?

Kenyan Nationalist and President; Stabilized Kenya; Supported African Unity

Who was Nelson Mandela and what was his significance in South Africa?

Anti-Apartheid Revolutionary; Imprisoned for 27 years; Transitioned South Africa to multiracial democracy; Compromised with F.W. de Klerk; First black president (1994-1999)

Who was Theodore Herzl and what was his vision?

Founder of Zionism; Desired the creation of a Jewish state; Laid groundwork for the future State of Israel in 1948

Who was Mao Zedong and what were his key policies and actions?

Leader of the Chinese Communist Party; Founder of the People's Republic of China in 1949; Initiated the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution

Who was Deng Xiaoping and how did he change China's economy?

Implemented economic reforms (Four Modernizations); Opened China to foreign investment; Dealt with Tiananmen Square Massacre

Who was Kemal Ataturk and what were his reforms?

Founder of modern Turkey; First president; Implemented secularization, modernization, and educational reforms

Who was Shah Pahlavi and what were the consequences of his rule?

Shah Reza Pahlavi, modernized and westernized Iran; Corruption and strong ties with the west caused a revolution

Who was Ayatollah Khomeini and what were the key features of the government he established?

Leader of Iranian Revolution; Supreme Leader; Established a Theocratic Government in Iran (mix religion and government)

Who was Norman Borlaug and what was the Green Revolution?

"Father of the Green Revolution"; Saved millions from starvation through high-yield crops and new agricultural techniques; Nobel Peace Prize in 1970

Who was Augusto Pinochet and what was his legacy?

Military leader in Chile from 1973 to 1990; Known for human rights abuses, torture, disappearances, and stadium camps; Social inequality

Who was Slobodan Milosovic and what role did he play in the conflicts in Yugoslavia?

President of Serbia; Nationalist policies broke up Yugoslavia; Involved in Balkan Wars and Bosnian Genocide in 1990s; Charged with crimes against humanity

Who was Pol Pot and what was the Cambodian Genocide?

Leader of Khmer Rouge in Cambodia; Responsible for Cambodian Genocide; Implemented agrarian socialism; Forced the deaths of 2 million people from starvation, labor, and execution

Who was Mother Teresa and what was her work?

Catholic nun and missionary; Charity of Calcutta, India; Helped poor, sick, and dying; Nobel Peace Prize in 1979

Who is Aung San Suu Kyi and what is her political history?

Myanmar/Burmese political leader; Known for nonviolent struggle for democracy; Under house arrest for years; Criticized for being quiet during Rohingya crisis

Who are the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo and what did they do?

Argentinian Mothers (and Grandmothers) who protested disappeared children in Argentina; Buenos Aires protests; Raised awareness for human rights abuses

Who is Kim Jong Un?

North Korea, Nuclear Proliferation

What are the main concepts from The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith?

Capitalism, laissez-faire, free market

What was the Napoleonic Code?

Uniform set of laws in Europe

What are the main concepts from The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Fredreich Engels?

Marxism, inspiration for socialism and communism, inspires Russia, Cuba, Vietnam, Cambodia, China, North Korea

What is the Vindication of the Rights of Women by Mary Wollstonecraft about?

Women's Rights!

What was the Tennis Court Oath?

French Revolution, promise by the Third Estate to create a new constitution

For what reasons was Wilson's Fourteen Points created?

Wilson's plan for peace, supporting the end of secret alliances, freedom of the seas, and diplomacy!

What are the main points from the Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that ended WWI, blamed Germany for war, Germany accepted reparations, major cause of WWII

What did the Munich Agreement entail?

Agreement to give Sudetenland to Nazi Germany. Appeasement failed!

What was the goal of Stalin's Five-Year Plans?

Plans for industrial growth, collectivization, totalitarian control for Stalin

What did the Sykes-Picot Agreement dictate?

Secret agreement after WWI to divide Middle East into "Mandate System" for England, France, and Russia

What is the purpose of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

Post WWII, promoted by Eleanor Roosevelt and UN, a promise to protect human rights and punish leaders that commit them

What was the objective of the Potsdam Agreement?

WWII peace agreement, agreed to divide Germany between west and east (democracy and communism)

What did the SALT I Treaty signify?

Strategic Arms Lmiitations Treaty (reduction of nuclear bombs!)

What were Deng Xiaoping’s Four Modernizations?

Modernization of China, foreign investments, economic opportunities

What did the Camp David Accords achieve?

Israeli and Egyptian peace treaty. Egypt recognized Israel, Egypt received Sinai Peninsula

What was the purpose of the Truman Doctrine?

Containment, economic aid for democracies to avoid falling to communism!

What did Reagan say in his Berlin Wall Speech?

"Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!"

What was the purpose of Mao's Little Red Book?

Mao's propaganda, telling children the future was in their hands, worshiped Mao as a God

What did the NATO/Warsaw Pact represent?

NATO alliance of democratic nations; Warsaw Pact = alliance of Soviet Union and satellite nations

What did the Balfour Declaration entail?

1917 document calling for the creation of an Israeli state in Palestine

What was the Kyoto Protocol created for?

International agreementbetween countries to reducecarbon emissions

What concepts came from The Enlightenment?

movements, philosophy, Rights, democratic self-government

What factors made up the Industrial Revolution?

New technology, innovations, steam engine, factory system

What led to the Rise of Fascism?

Great Depression, economic failure, leads to the rise of totalitarian leaders promising change; severe nationalist movements demanding total loyalty

What was the Decolonization of Africa and Asia?

Pan-Africanism, end of imperialism, rise of new nations

What were the causes of World War II?

Failure of league of nations, expansion by Italy, Japan, Nazi Germany; failure of appeasement, rise of totalitarianism

What are the factors in Nationalism in Middle East?

Pan-Arabism, Arab unity, often anti-Israel, non-alignment movement during the Cold War

What factors caused European Imperialism?

Europeans control territories in Asia and Africa for raw materials, convert to manufactured products (mercantilism)

What conflicts happened during The Cold War?

Democracy vs. Communism;Containment, Domino Theory, Korean War, Vietnam War, Cuban Missile Crisis,Russo-Afghan War

What does Globalization entail?

global connectivity, trade,social media, communicationnetworks, labor markets, exploitation of cheap labor, international trade agreements (NAFTA,USMCA, European Union) as well as organizations (WorldBank, International MonetaryFund)

What were the key factors during World War I?

MANIA, (Militarism,Alliances, Nationalism,Imperialism, Assassination);technological innovations;trench warfare, gas warfare,entered the war on horses, leftin planes

What led to the Fall of the Soviet Union?

Gorbachev's Glasnost andPerestroika weaken sovietcontrol; satellite nations soughtindependence, fall of the BerlinWall, self-determination,democratic elections

What is the Green Revolution?

New farming techniques,innovations in farming neededto support growing populations,greater yields with less water,the goal is to end global hunger