The main events of the Third Crusade

Why were Richard and Philip’s troops delayed leaving?

Both were suspicious of each other and didn’t want to leave, leaving their land vulnerable to attack from the other.

What did both Richard and Philip agree before setting off from Vezelay?

That they would split any profits made equally during the crusade

When did Richard reach Sicily?

Sep 1190 - reached one month after Philip

What did Richard do once he arrived in Siciliy?

• He collected taxes for six months and he married the princess of Sicily despite the fact that Richard was supposed to marry Philip’s sister, Alice. Philip had to dissolve the betrothal which caused tension.

• Richard got 10,000 marks from the marriage.

• Philip was humiliated and left early in March 1191

When did Richard leave Sicily and go the Cyprus?

1191

What did Richard do in Cyprus?

He invaded and got a better tax base - he didn’t split this money with Philip

What was Richard and Philip’s journey to the Levant like?

Philip’s was smoother than Richard whose fleet got split up and redirected to Cyprus.

What caused further divisions between Philip and Richard?

Richard wanted Guy to be King of Jerusalem whilst Philip wanted Conrad to be king. Richard also worked with diplomatically with Tancred to get more money but none of this money went to Philip.

When did Fredrick set off?

May 1189

Where did Frederick and his troops pass through?

Took his troops through Hungary and Byzantium. The Byzantines agreed to help the crusaders by providing guides, allowing them access to markets and providing them with security.

Why were the Byzantines willing to help Fredrick?

The ruler of Byzantium was nervous that he would try to take over his land

When did the Germans troops leave Byzantium and reached the Anatolian Hills?

April 1189 - hunger and thirst and repeated attacks made them weaker

When did the German troops reach the Seljuk Turk capital of Iconium and why was this important?

• May 1189

• Key difference between Frederick’s troops and previous crusade (able to reach further and conquer more)

What happened in June 1190?

Frederick died, drowning whilst crossing a river - before Richard and Philip even set off

What was the impact of Frederick’s death?

• Massive loss of crusaders and resources

• Frederick was the most senior and experienced leader so he may have been able to heal the divisions and make good military decisions

• It demoralised the German troops many went home

What did Saladin do in 1188?

He released all the prisoners taken in Hattin and most of them went to Tyre and Tripoli, including Guy and Sibylla

What did Guy launch after being released from Saladin’s hold?

He launched an attack on Acre in 1189 and thus faced Saladin’s forces which was successful as he won lots of support

What happened to Sibylla and Guy’s daughters?

They died in the winter of 1189 - Guy no longer had a claim to Jerusalem as he had it through marriage

What did Conrad of Montferrat try to do in Jerusalem?

Tried to marry Isabella, the heir of Jerusalem - he had support from Leopold of Austria who had taken over the German leader

By spring of 1191, what was happening with the siege of Acre?

The attacks on Acre was weakening as they were running our of food and Saladin’s forces were arriving - help from Philip and Richard was vital.