Main Points 2

androgen-binding protein (ABP) , testosterone , spermatogenesis

FSH causes sustentocytes to produce ______. LH stimulates interstitial endocrine cells to release _____, which binds to ABP, stimulating _______.

hypothalamus , anterior pituitary , FSH release

Testosterone feeds back to inhibit the _____ and _____. Inhibin, released by sustentocytes, inhibits _____.

Maturation , puberty , three years

_____ of hormonal controls occurs during ____ and takes about _____.

maturation , secondary sex characteristics

Testosterone stimulates _____ of the male reproductive organs and triggers the development of the ______ of the male.

skeleton , skeletal muscles , spermatogenesis

Testosterone exerts anabolic effects on the ____ and ____, it stimulates _____, and is responsible for male sex drive.

gametes , sex hormones

The female reproductive system produces ____ and ____ and houses a developing infant until birth.

follicles

Immature eggs develop in ____ in the ovaries

laterally , ovarian , suspensory ligaments , mesovaria

The ovaries flank the uterus ____ and are held in position by the ____ and _____ and _____.

oocyte-containing follicles

Within each ovary are _____ at different stages of development.

mesosalpinx , fimbriae , peristalsis , ovulated oocyte

The uterine tube, supported by the ______, extends from near the ovary to the uterus. Movements of its ciliated distal projections, called ____, along with ____, create currents that help move an _____ into the uterine tube.

fundus , body , cervical regions , broad , cardinal , uterosacral , round ligaments

The uterus has ____, ____, and ____. It is supported by the ____, ____, _____, and ______.

outer perimetrium , myometrium , inner endometrium

stratum functionalis , stratum basalis

The uterine wall is composed of the _____, the ____ , and the _____. The endometrium consists of a functional layer (_____), which sloughs off periodically unless an embryo has implanted, and an underlying basal layer (______), which rebuilds the functional layer.

copulatory organ

The vagina extends from the uterus to the exterior. It is the _____ and allows passage of the menstrual flow or a baby.

mons pubis , labia majora and minora , clitoris , urethral vaginal orifices , vaginal opening

The female external genitalia include the ____, _____, ____, and the ____ and _____. The mucus-secreting greater vestibular glands flank the _____.

pectoral muscles , adupose , fibrous

The mammary glands lie over the _____ of the chest and are surrounded by ____ and ____ connective tissue.

lobules , milk-producing alveoli

Each mammary gland consists of many ____, which contain _____.

Oogenesis , fetus , Oogonia

_____, the production of eggs, begins in the ____. ____, diploid stem cells that give rise to female gametes, are converted to primary oocytes before birth.

2 million , oocytes , meiosis I

The infant female's ovaries contain about ____ primary ____ arrested in prophase of _____.

meiosis , meiosis I , tiny first polar body

At puberty, ____ resumes. Each month, one primary oocyte completes _____, producing a large secondary oocyte and a _____.

functional ovum , second polar body , secondary oocyte

Meiosis II of the secondary oocyte produces a ____ and a ____, but does not occur unless a sperm penetrates the ______.

primary oocyte's cytoplasm , nonfunctional , degenerate

The ovum contains most of the _____. The polar bodies are _____ and _____.

vesicular follicles , atresia , month , dominant , maturation

During the follicular phase (days 1-14), several _____ are rescued from ____ and continue to grow. Generally, only one follicle per ____ is selected to become the ____ follicle and completes the _____ process.

meiosis I , 14 , peritoneal cavity

Late in follicular phase, the oocyte in the dominant follicle completes _____. Ovulation occurs about day __ , releasing the secondary oocyte into the ____.

corpus luteum , progesterone , estrogens , degenerates

In the luteal phase (days 15-28), the ruptured follicle is converted to a _____, which produces _____ and _____ for the remainder of the cycle. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum _____ after about 10 days.

menarche , 4 , permissive role , hypothalamus

Establishment of the mature cyclic pattern of hormone secretion, indicated by ____, takes about ___ years. Leptin serves a _____ in puberty's onset, stimulating the ____ when adipose tissue is sufficient for the energy requirements of reproduction.

GnRH stimulates , blood estrogens reach a certain level, rising levels of progesterone and estrogens

The hormonal events of each ovarian cycle are as follows: (1) ______ (2) _____ (3) _____

28 , primordial follicle , 290

While the ovarian cycle is about __ days, maturation of a _____ from its recruitment until it is ready to be ovulated takes about ___ days.

ovarian hormones , uterine cycle.

Varying levels of _____ in the blood trigger events of the _____

sloughs off ,regeneration

During the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle , the functional layer ____ in menses. During the proliferative phase , rising estrogen levels stimulate its _____.

nutrients , endometrial vascularity , receptive

Under the influence of both estrogens and progesterone during the secretory phase , the uterine glands secrete ____, and ______ increases further. This makes the uterus ____ to implantation about one week after ovulation.

spiral arteries , spastic , blood supply

Falling levels of ovarian hormones during the last few days of the ovarian cycle cause the _____ to become ____ and cut off the _____ of the functional layer. The uterine cycle begins again with menstruation.

oogenesis , reproductive organs , growth spurt , secondary sex characteristics

Estrogens promote _____. At puberty, they stimulate the growth of the _____ and the ____ and promote the appearance of the ______.

Progesterone , breast maturation , regulation

______ cooperates with estrogens in _____ and _____ of the uterine cycle