AP World Time Chunk Review

Aimed at big topics that the AP Test goes over. Only focus on getting the time chunks correct. the dates and definitions are there for further specifications. Shuffle for best study efficiency. Any mistakes or things that should be added email me at [e-mail]

Abbasid Caliphate

CCI 750-1258 was the third of the Islamic caliphates, known for its cultural, economic, and intellectual advancements during the Islamic Golden Age.

Song Dynasty

CCI 960-1279 was a major Chinese dynasty celebrated for its advancements in technology, economy, and culture.

Neo Confucianism Started

CCI 1000 as a revival of Confucian thought, incorporating elements of Buddhism and Daoism, focusing on ethics and moral self-cultivation.

Crusades

CCI 1095-1291 military campaigns initiated by European Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control.

Delhi Sultanate

CCI 1206-1526 was a series of Muslim dynasties that ruled over northern India, known for establishing Islamic culture and administrative practices.

Reign of Genghis Khan

CCI 1206-1227 the period during which Genghis Khan unified the Mongolian tribes and established the Mongol Empire, known for military conquests and innovative strategies.

Mongol Empire Established

CCI 1206

• 1368, the Mongol Empire spread across Asia and into parts of Europe, renowned for its vast territory and influence on trade and culture.

Gold Horde

CCI/Early OGI 1240-1502 a Mongol khanate that ruled over Russia and parts of Eastern Europe, known for its influence on trade and the politics of the region.

Magna Carter Published

CCI 1215 a charter of rights agreed upon by King John of England, limiting the power of the monarchy and establishing certain legal protections for subjects.

Mongols took Baghdad

CCI 1258 the Mongols captured the city, marking a significant event in the expansion of their empire and leading to the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate.

Yuan Dynasty

CCI 1271-1368, established by Kublai Khan after the Mongol conquest of China.

Kublai Khan

CCI 1260-1294, grandson of Genghis Khan and the founder of the Yuan Dynasty.

Ottoman Empire Established

CCI 1299, established by Osman I in Anatolia.

Devshirme Started

CCI 1383-1606, a system where Christian boys were recruited by force, converted to Islam, and trained as soldiers or bureaucrats for the Ottoman Empire.

Mansa Musas Pilgrimage to Meca

CCI 1324, a significant journey that showcased the wealth and influence of the Mali Empire.

Tenochitlan Founded

CCI 1325, the capital city of the Aztec Empire, established by the Mexica people on an island in Lake Texcoco.

Ibn Battutas Travels

CCI 1325-1354, a journey across Africa, the Middle East, and Asia that documented diverse cultures and societies.

Bubonic Plague

CCI 1347-1351, a devastating pandemic that swept through Europe and Asia, drastically reducing populations and altering economies. Killed Millions.

Ming Dynasty

CCI 1368-1644, a major Chinese dynasty known for its trade expansion, cultural achievements, and consolidation of power following Mongol rule.

Zheng Hes Voyage

CCI 1405-1433, a series of maritime expeditions commissioned by the Ming Dynasty to explore and establish trade relations, showcasing China's naval capabilities and expanding its influence in the Indian Ocean.

Aztec Empire

CCI 1428-1521, a powerful Mesoamerican civilization known for its incredible architectural achievements, advanced agriculture, and complex social structure, which ultimately fell to Spanish conquest.

Inca Empire

CCI 1438-1533, a prominent civilization known for its extensive road systems, impressive architecture, and centralized state structure, which was ultimately defeated by Spanish conquerors led by Francisco Pizarro.

Mit’a System

CCI 1438-1533, a labor system used by the Inca Empire that required citizens to work on public projects and in agriculture for a certain period of time, facilitating state control and societal organization.

Swahili State Building Flourishes

CCI 1000-1500, characterized by the growth of city-states along the East African coast that engaged in trade with Indian Ocean partners, prosperity from commerce, and cultural exchanges.

Printing Press Invented

CCI 1440 , a revolutionary technology invented by Johannes Gutenberg that facilitated the mass production of books and the spread of knowledge, significantly contributing to the Renaissance and Reformation.

Caravel Invented

CCI 1450, a small, highly maneuverable ship developed by the Portuguese that played a significant role in maritime exploration and trade, enabling longer voyages and more efficient navigation.

Atlantic Slave Trade

OGI 16th-19th centuries, the forced transportation of millions of Africans to the Americas for labor, driven by European demand for sugar, tobacco, and other goods, resulting in profound social and economic impacts.

Ottomans Conquer Constantinople

OGI 1453, the capture of the Byzantine capital by the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Mehmed II, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire and the rise of Ottoman dominance in Southeastern Europe.

Russia Breaks Free From Mongol Rule

OGI 1480, the event marking the end of Mongol dominance over Russia , allowing for the rise of an independent Russian state.

Songhai Empire Golden Age

OGI 1464-1591, a period of significant cultural, economic, and political development in the Songhai Empire, characterized by trade expansion, scholarly achievements. Arose from the decline of the Mali Empire.

Birth of Sikhism

OGI 1469, the emergence of Sikhism as a distinct religious tradition in South Asia, founded by Guru Nanak Dev Ji, blending elements of Hinduism and Islam.

Spain Completes the Reconquista

OGI 1492, the conclusion of centuries-long efforts to reclaim the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule, leading to the consolidation of Spain under Christian kingdoms.

Columbus Voyages to the New World

OGI 1492-1504, a series of four voyages conducted by Christopher Columbus that led to the European awareness of the American continents, opening up the Age of Exploration and subsequent colonization. Marks Start of Columbian Exchange.

Encomienda System Enacted

OGI 1503 , a labor system instituted by the Spanish crown that granted colonists the right to demand tribute and labor from indigenous people in the Americas, justified as a means of protecting and converting them to Christianity.

Portugal Starts Colonizing Americas

OGI 1497, the beginning of Portuguese exploration and settlement in the Americas, focusing initially on Brazil, as they sought to expand their empire and establish lucrative sugar plantations.

Vasco de Gama Reaches India

OGI 1498, a pivotal voyage by Portuguese explorer Vasco de Gama that successfully linked Europe to Asia via the sea, establishing a route for trade and contributing to the expansion of Portuguese influence in the Indian Ocean.

Safavid Empire Emerges

OGI 1501, a significant dynasty that rose to power in Persia, known for its promotion of Shia Islam and creating a cultural flourishing in the region.

First Enslaved Africans Arrive in America

OGI 1619, a key event marking the arrival of the first enslaved Africans in Virginia, which laid the groundwork for the transatlantic slave trade and profoundly impacted American society and economy.

Protestant Reformation Starts

OGI 1517, a religious movement initiated by Martin Luther that challenged the practices of the Catholic Church, leading to the establishment of Protestant churches and significant changes in European religious and political landscapes.

95 Theses Written

OGI 1517, A document written by Martin Luther criticizing the Catholic Church's practices, particularly the sale of indulgences. It sparked the Protestant Reformation and called for reforms within the Church.

Creation of Lutherism

OGI 1520, the establishment of a branch of Protestantism initiated by Martin Luther that emphasized justification by faith and the authority of Scripture over church tradition.

Rise of the Mughal Empire

OGI 1526, the establishment of a powerful empire in the Indian subcontinent , which combined Persian, Indian, and Islamic cultures and led to significant advancements in art, architecture, and trade.

Akbar

OGI 1556-1605, the third Mughal emperor known for his administrative reforms, military conquests, and promotion of religious tolerance.

Aurangzeb

OGI 1658-1707, the sixth Mughal emperor known for his expansionist policies, strict enforcement of Islamic law, and controversial religious practices that led to increased opposition.

Decline of the Mughal Empire

OGI 1707, marking the decline of centralized authority and resulting in fragmentation and colonization by European powers.

Discovery of Silver at Potosi Mine

OGI 1545, a significant event in the Spanish colonization of the Americas, leading to massive wealth influx into Spain and shaping global trade patterns.

Scientific Revolution

OGI 1550-1700, a period of major advances in scientific thought and methods, characterized by the development of the scientific method, major discoveries in fields such as astronomy and physics, and challenging traditional views of the universe.

Emergence of Russian Tsar

OGI 1547-1721, a period marked by the consolidation of power under Ivan IV and Peter the Great, leading to territorial expansion and westernization efforts.

Ivan The Terrible Ruled The Russian Tsar

OGI 1547-1584, known for his centralization of power, expansion of the Russian territory, and for the establishment of the Tsardom of Russia.

Invention of the Fluyt

OGI 1595, a Dutch type of sailing vessel designed for maritime trade, characterized by its efficiency and capacity for large cargo loads.

Establishment of the British East Indian Company

OGI 1600, it was a trading corporation granted a royal charter to pursue trade with the East Indies, playing a crucial role in British colonial expansion and Indian trade.

Tokugawa Japan

OGI 1603-1868, characterized by political stability, isolationist foreign policy, and a strict social hierarchy under the shogunate system.

Establishment of Dutch East India Company

OGI 1602, a chartered company established for trade between the Netherlands and the East Indies, significantly impacting Dutch colonialism and global trade.

Establishment of British Virginia Company

OGI 1606, a joint-stock company established to finance the settlement of North America, which led to the founding of the Jamestown colony and early English colonization efforts.

Start of Taj Mahal Construction

OGI 1632, initiated by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan as a mausoleum for his wife Mumtaz Mahal, symbolizing the pinnacle of Mughal architecture.

Louis XIV Absolute Monarchy Reigns in France

OGI 1643 to 1715, characterized by the centralization of power, increased royal authority, and the establishment of a strong state identity, making France a leading European power.

Start of Qing Dynasty

OGI 1644, marked the transition to Manchu rule in China, leading to significant territorial expansion and cultural developments, with the dynasty lasting until 1912.

Peter the Great Modernizes Russia

OGI 1682 to 1725, he enacted extensive reforms in government, military, and cultural institutions, aiming to transform Russia into a major European power.

Glorious Revolution

OGI 1688 to 1689, a pivotal event in English history where King James II was overthrown and William of Orange ascended the throne, leading to the establishment of constitutional monarchy and increased parliamentary power.

The Enlightenment Flourishes

OGI and ARIE 1715 to 1789, an intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of authority, which influenced various aspects of society including politics, religion, and science.

7 Year War

ARIE 1756 to 1763, a global conflict that involved most of the great powers of the time, ultimately reshaping colonial empires and altering the balance of power in Europe.

Beginning of English Colonization in India

ARIE 1600 to 1757, marked by the establishment of the East India Company, which played a pivotal role in the trade and governance of British interests in the region.

Treaty of Paris

ARIE 1763, a treaty that ended the Seven Years' War, redistributing territorial control, primarily between Britain and France in North America.

Battle of Plassey

ARIE 1757, a decisive battle in which British forces defeated the Nawab of Bengal, significantly paving the way for British control over India.

First Industrial Revolution

ARIE 1760 to 1830, a period marked by the transition to new manufacturing processes, including the shift from hand production methods to machines, and the development of steam power and factories.

Invention of the Steam Engine

ARIE late 18th century, a pivotal development that improved efficiency in factories and transportation, facilitating the growth of the Industrial Revolution.

Charles Darwin

ARIE 1809 to 1882, an English naturalist whose theory of evolution by natural selection fundamentally changed the biological sciences.

Adam Smith

ARIE 1723 to 1790, a Scottish economist and philosopher, best known for his work "The Wealth of Nations," which laid the foundations for classical economics and promoted free market principles.

Karl Marx

ARIE 1818 to 1883, a German philosopher and economist known for his critiques of capitalism and his theory of historical materialism, which argued that economic conditions shape societal structures.

Factory Acts

ARIE early 19th century legislation in Britain aimed at improving working conditions in factories, particularly for women and children.

American Revolution

ARIE 1775 to 1783, the conflict in which the Thirteen American Colonies fought for independence from British rule, leading to the establishment of the United States. Provided a template for other revolutions worldwide, emphasizing democratic ideals and self-governance.

French Revolution

ARIE 1789 to 1799, a period of social and political upheaval in France that led to the end of monarchy, rise of radical political factions, and established principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity.

Hattian Revolution

ARIE 1791 to 1804, the conflict in which enslaved Africans in Saint-Domingue revolted against French colonial rule, leading to Haiti becoming the first independent black-led republic and abolishing slavery.

Very Beginning of Feminism

ARIE 1792 , the emergence of early feminist ideas with the publication of Mary Wollstonecraft's 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman', advocating for women's education and rights.

Seneca Falls Convention

ARIE 1848, the first women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York, where activists gathered to discuss and advocate for women's suffrage and legal equality.

Publication of “The Rights of Women” by Mary Wollstonecraft

ARIE 1792, a significant work in early feminist literature that argued for women's rights and education, challenging the societal norms of the time.

Napoleon Reigns France

ARIE 1804-1814, the period during which Napoleon Bonaparte established himself as Emperor of the French, implementing widespread reforms in government, law, and society, and expanding French territory through military conquests.

Latin American Revolutions

ARIE 1806-1826 a series of uprisings resulting in the independence of several Latin American countries from Spanish colonial rule.

Congress of Vienna

ARIE 1815, an international conference held to restore order and stability in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars, reshaping the political landscape and balancing power among European nations.

Opium Wars

ARIE 1839-1842 and 1856-1860, two conflicts between Britain and China over trade, particularly concerning the opium trade, resulting in the Treaty of Nanking and significant territorial concessions to Western powers.

Tanzimat Reforms

ARIE 1839-1876, a series of governmental reforms in the Ottoman Empire aimed at modernization and transformation of the state, focusing on legal, administrative, and educational changes.

Irish Potato Famine

ARIE 1845-1852, a period of mass starvation and disease in Ireland caused by potato blight, leading to significant population decline and emigration.

Communist Manifesto Published

ARIE 1848, the political pamphlet by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that outlines the principles of communism and calls for class struggle and revolution.

Taiping Rebellion

ARIE 1850-1864, a massive civil war in China led by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom against the Qing Dynasty, resulting in millions of deaths and significant social upheaval.

Sepoy Mutiny in India

ARIE 1857, a widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India, sparked by cultural insensitivity and the introduction of the Enfield rifle, leading to significant changes in British colonial governance.

Suez Canal Built by Britain in Egypt

ARIE 1869, a man-made waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, significantly facilitating trade and maritime travel between Europe and Asia.

Social Darwinism Begins

ARIE late 19th century; a theory that applied the concept of "survival of the fittest" to human societies, justifying imperialism and social inequality.

Russian Serfs Emancipated

ARIE 1861, the liberation of serfs in Russia under Tsar Alexander II, aimed at modernizing the economy and reducing social unrest, but often led to dissatisfaction due to inadequate land distribution.

Emancipation Proclamation in the US

ARIE 1863, an executive order by President Abraham Lincoln that freed enslaved people in the Confederate states, marking a turning point in the Civil War and a step towards abolition.

King Leopold Rules the Kongo

ARIE 1885-1908, King Leopold II of Belgium's personal control over the Kongo Free State, marked by extreme exploitation and brutality towards the local population, leading to significant human rights abuses.

Meiji Restoration

ARIE 1868-1912, a period of profound political and social change in Japan that restored imperial rule under Emperor Meiji, leading to modernization and industrialization.

Second Industrial Revolution

ARIE/CGR 1870-1914 a phase of rapid industrial growth characterized by advancements in steel production, electricity, and chemical processes, transforming industries and economies.

Unification of Germany Under Otto Von Bismarck

ARIE 1871, the process led by Otto von Bismarck that resulted in the consolidation of various independent German states into a single nation-state, using diplomacy and military conflict.

Chinese Exclusion Act

ARIE 1882, a federal law prohibiting Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States, reflecting growing racial tensions and immigration restrictions during that era.

Berlin Conference

ARIE 1884-1885, a meeting where European nations discussed the partitioning of Africa, establishing guidelines for colonization and claiming territory in Africa, which intensified imperial competition.

European Spheres of Influence in China

ARIE late 19th to early 20th century, areas in China where European powers had exclusive trading rights and privileges, leading to significant foreign control and exploitation.

Spanish-American War

ARIE 1898, a conflict between Spain and the United States resulting in the US gaining territories like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, marking a significant moment in American imperial expansion.

Boxer Rebellion

ARIE 1899-1901, an anti-foreigner uprising in China aimed at expelling foreign influence and missionaries, leading to a military intervention by an eight-nation alliance.

Muslim League Founded

CGR 1906, the Muslim League was established to represent the political interests of Muslims in India and advocate for their rights.

Mexican Revolution

CGR 1910-1920, a major armed struggle that transformed Mexican society and politics, leading to the end of the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz and resulting in significant social reforms.