music-middle ages to renaissance

during the middle ages, what were the 3 main social classes?

nobility, clergy, peasantry

at the beginning of the middle ages, which class really had most power?

clergy

before the church, _____ could be made from bone or animal hides

instruments

was music during the middle ages mostly vocal or instrumental?

vocal

during the middle ages, the church considered instruments to be…

pagan

for a woman to be able to sing in church during the middle ages, she had to be part of a…

convent

many musical manuscripts from the middle ages contain _____ but not _____

pitch, rhythm

what was the “official music” of the roman catholic church during the middle ages?

gregorian chant

chant in the middle ages is said to be “stylistically _____”

free

4 characteristics of gregorian chant

flexible rhythm/no meter, pitches may move stepwise, pitches may repeat, range no more than an octave

what is the “office”?

8 services that started before sunrise and ended after sunset, all 3 hours apart

who was the first known female composer in the history of western music?

hildegard of bingen

what was the name of hildegard’s “morality play”?

ordo virtutum

why was hildegard’s ordo virtutum considered problematic by the church?

featured the devil

what is the title of hildegard’s “example song”?

o successores

hildegard’s composition of o successores is an expressive example of… (genre of music)

gregorian chant

name the 2 types of poet-musicians from france

troubadours, trouveres

the TROUBADOURS were from ____ france

southern

the TROUVERES were from ____ france

northern

4 “revolutionary” topics that the troubadours and trouveres sang about

love, crusading, drinking, solidarity

how were minstrels/jongleurs different from troubadours/trouveres?

peasants, no civil rights

music in the medieval era was considered ______ for centuries (consisting of only one line)

monophonic

around the year ___, monks started adding more voice lines into music

900

the church created _____ as their “first step” to combat secular music

choir

what is organum?

gregorian chant plus one or more melodic lines sang over it

what is the organal voice?

added top voice to existing chant

over time, in organum, the ____ voice became more elaborate while the _____ voice stayed conservative

organal, chant

in the 12th century, what city was considered the artistic and intellectual capital of europe?

paris

from 1170-1200, the notre dame was home to these 2 composers of polyphony

perotin, leonin

what is the title of perotin’s “example song”?

viderunt omnes

what feature of perotin’s songs let him win more of the church’s approval?

gregorian chant at end

4 new features of music introduced by perotin and leonin

metric pulse, increased intervals, rhythm, pitch notation