Kollokációk - Topic 9: Crime & Punishment

Deter potential offenders

To discourage people from committing crimes. (Harsher prison sentences are debated regarding whether they deter potential offenders.)

Rehabilitate former inmates

To help criminals reintegrate into society successfully. (Modern correctional facilities prioritize education programs to rehabilitate former inmates.)

Commit a felony

To perform a serious, major unlawful act. (Armed robbery and grand larceny are classified as felonies under federal law.)

Serve a prison sentence

To spend time in confinement as punishment. (The convicted fraudster was ordered to serve a five

Combat organized crime

To fight against syndicates and criminal networks. (International police agencies cooperate closely to combat organized crime.)

Face criminal charges

To be formally accused of a crime in court. (Executives involved in the embezzlement scandal face severe criminal charges.)

Uphold the law

To maintain and enforce legal rules. (Police officers take an oath to protect citizens and uphold the law.)

Impose a fine

To order someone to pay money as punishment. (Judges may impose a heavy fine in lieu of jail time for minor infractions.)

Deterrent effect

The ability of a punishment to stop unlawful acts. (Criminologists debate whether capital punishment has any real deterrent effect.)

Rehabilitation program

Courses designed to reform criminals. (Vocational training inside prisons serves as an effective rehabilitation program.)

White

collar crime

Juvenile delinquency

Criminal behavior committed by minors. (Community youth centers are established to prevent juvenile delinquency.)

Capital punishment

The legally authorized killing of someone as punishment. (Most European nations have entirely abolished capital punishment.)

Correctional facility

An institution used to imprison convicted criminals. (The new correctional facility focuses on psychological counseling and reform.)

Petty theft

Stealing items of relatively low monetary value. (Shoplifting is generally categorized as a misdemeanor or petty theft.)

Criminal record

An official record of someone's past convictions. (A severe criminal record can make securing employment extremely difficult.)

Judicial system

The system of courts that interprets and applies the law. (Reforms are underway to ensure fairness and speed within the judicial system.)

Circumstantial evidence

Evidence that relies on an inference to connect to a conclusion. (The prosecution relied heavily on circumstantial evidence to secure a conviction.)

Severely punish

To penalize someone with great harshness. (Judges will severely punish individuals convicted of trafficking illegal substances.)

Wrongfully accused

Falsely blamed for committing a crime. (DNA evidence exonerated the man who had been wrongfully accused of murder.)

Thoroughly investigate

To examine a crime scene or case in depth. (Detectives must thoroughly investigate all leads before arresting suspects.)

Legally binding

Obligating parties to follow rules under law. (The plea bargain signed by the defense attorney is legally binding.)

Strictly enforced

Made mandatory with heavy penalties for breaking. (Speed limits near schools are strictly enforced by local traffic police.)

Unlawfully detained

Held in custody without proper legal cause. (Human rights lawyers intervened for citizens unlawfully detained without trial.)

Community service

Unpaid work intended to benefit society as punishment. (The judge sentenced the vandal to 200 hours of community service.)

Plea bargain

An arrangement where a defendant pleads guilty for a lesser charge. (His lawyer advised him to accept a plea bargain to avoid a lengthy trial.)

Zero

tolerance policy

Neighborhood watch

Local residents organizing to monitor and prevent crime. (Burglaries dropped by 30% after the neighborhood watch was established.)

Law enforcement

The system of people enforcing laws (police). (The law enforcement agencies utilized digital surveillance to track the syndicate.)

Burden of proof

The obligation to prove one's assertion in court. (In criminal trials, the burden of proof rests entirely on the prosecution.)

Miscarriage of justice

A failure of a court to attain justice. (The release of the innocent prisoner exposed a grave miscarriage of justice.)

Parole board

A panel that decides if a prisoner can be released early. (He appeared before the parole board after serving fifteen years of his sentence.)

Cyber crime

Criminal activities carried out via computers or the internet. (Ransomware attacks represent the fastest

Trial by jury

A legal proceeding where a jury makes a decision. (Defendants have a constitutional right to a fair trial by jury.)

Recidivism rate

The percentage of former prisoners who reoffend. (Vocational prison programs have successfully lowered the national recidivism rate.)

Deter crime

To discourage unlawful behavior through fear of consequences. (Increased police patrols help deter crime in vulnerable neighborhoods.)

Prosecute offenders

To institute legal proceedings against people accused of crimes. (District attorneys work tirelessly to prosecute offenders and maintain public safety.)

Arrest suspects

To take individuals suspected of a crime into police custody. (Detectives gathered sufficient evidence to arrest suspects involved in the heist.)

Enforce regulations

To make sure people obey established rules and laws. (Inspectors visit local businesses regularly to enforce safety regulations.)

Protect citizens

To keep members of the public safe from harm and crime. (Police forces are primarily established to protect citizens from violence.)

Publicly condemn

To express strong disapproval of illegal actions openly. (Community leaders gathered to publicly condemn the acts of vandalism.)

Criminally liable

Legally responsible for committing an offense. (Negligent corporate executives can be held criminally liable for workplace disasters.)

Strictly regulated

Controlled closely through laws and official oversight. (Pharmaceutical sales are strictly regulated to prevent illicit distribution.)

Harshly penalized

Punished severely for breaking rules or laws. (Smugglers are harshly penalized under international maritime law.)

Legally responsible

Accountable under the law for actions and damages. (Drivers involved in accidents are legally responsible for insurance claims.)

Criminal justice system

The system of law enforcement and courts handling crime. (Reforming the criminal justice system is crucial for addressing racial disparities.)

Legal representation

The provision of a lawyer to defend someone in court. (Every citizen has a right to free legal representation if they cannot afford one.)

Correctional officer

A staff member responsible for overseeing prison inmates. (Correctional officers undergo rigorous training in conflict resolution and safety.)

Community policing

A strategy where police build partnerships with local residents. (Community policing has successfully lowered crime rates in the downtown district.)

Criminal activity

Unlawful actions or behavior carried out by individuals. (Surveillance cameras were installed to monitor and reduce criminal activity.)

Legal framework

The system of rules and laws that govern a society. (A robust legal framework is essential for maintaining order and justice.)

Defense attorney

A lawyer representing the defendant in a criminal trial. (His defense attorney presented compelling alibi evidence during the court hearing.)

Prosecuting attorney

A lawyer who conducts cases against a defendant in court. (The prosecuting attorney laid out a detailed timeline of the suspect's movements.)

Court

appointed lawyer

Correctional institution

A facility designed to house and rehabilitate convicted felons. (The new correctional institution emphasizes mental health support and job training.)