Pesticides Ch 1-5

What usually, but does not always, have wings in its adult form?

Insects

Factors which limit the development of pest populations include

unfavorable weather conditions and natural pest enemies

What sign of leaf damage is indicated by an insect with chewing mouthparts?

Notched or torn leaves, petals, or stems

 Adult ___________ have 6 legs and 1 pair of antenna

Insects

An insect __________looks like a miniature copy of the adult insect.

Nymph

Most insect species

are harmless or beneficial

The primary environmental factor influencing insect activity is

Temperature

Which of the following are most likely to transmit plant pathogens?

Leafhoppers

Insects that undergo complete metamorphosis develop from

Egg to larva to pupa to adult

Insects with piercing sucking mouthparts

Are often vectors and may cause damage that is mistaken for plant disease

Insect nymphs and larvae

Must molt between instars

Mites

suck

What may be a disadvantage of using insecticide?

Some insecticides are effective against several insect species on one plant.

What are used to control mites?

Acaracides

What kind of damage is caused by aphid pests?

Piercing-sucking

What kind of metamorphosis do Japanese beetles go through?

Complete

 How are most insecticide treatments that target EAB administered?

Trunk injections

A main goal of any weed control program should be

To limit a weed’s reproduction

Chemical methods of weed control

Can be the best long term solution to weed problems

In soils with very high organic matter content, soil applied herbicides may be

Relatively ineffective

What have growing points in buds at the tips of their shoots?

Broadleaf weeds

What is a plant or weed’s life cycle?

The complete succession of developmental stages in its life.

What is a weed that germinates in spring, flowers and produces seed in summer, and dies in late summer or early fall of the same year?

Summer annual

What could be controlled by herbicides sprayed during their rosette stage or by cutting/removing their flower?

Biennial weeds

What weeds may spread by vegetative structures?

Perennial weeds

What is the most effective way to control perennial weeds?

Destroy their underground vegetative structures

In small areas, you can control ___________ weeds by cutting them once by hand at the soil surface.

Annual broadleaf

You can kill a perennial weed by destroying its top growth if

The weed is a seedling or done repetitively until underground reserves are exhausted

Why is it important to know the biology of a weed?

You can determine when a preemergence herbicide could be utilized and target its most vulnerable stage

 You should try to __________________ of weeds.

Limit the reproduction

What typically have their growing point at or just below the soil surface?

Grasses

All herbicide products kill more than one species of plant

True

A preemergence herbicide application may be made after planting the crop plants.

True

What weeds usually have fibrous root systems and growing points at or just below the soil surface?

Sedges, cattails, and true grasses

Why are annual weeds often a problem?

Their seeds can germinate years after they were produced.

 Soil surface-applied preemergence herbicides

Must be followed by rainfall or irrigation to be effective

Why do you generally need to apply soil herbicides at higher rates on finer soils?

Finer soils absorb herbicides

What are the most persistent and difficult to control weeds?

Perennials

What are most troublesome in cultivated areas and disturbed sites?

Annual weeds

Many plants which are monocots

Can usually be repeatedly mowed without injury

Soil applied herbicides may be lost due to

Downward movement of the herbicide as a result of water movement and change into vapor state when exposed to air.

Which herbicides may leach more quickly in sandy soils and will control weeds while their residue remains?

Soil-applied

A preemergence herbicide will be determined, in part, by soil texture and precipitation is called

Persistance

What requires a different management strategy than that used for grass weeds due to their vegetative-reproducing tubers/bulbs?

Yellow nutsedge and wild garlic

What are methods of controlling woody weed species?

Cut stump and basal bark herbicide applications

When applying herbicides to urban areas

Use herbicides that may be incorporated into the soil

What may volatilize if applied in hot weather?

Esters

What is the downward movement of a pesticide or other soluble material through the soil as a result of water movement?

Leaching

Biotic agents of plant disease are often spread by

Insects

Some plant-pathogenic ______________ can obtain their food from dead plant material.

Fungi

Some plant viruses may be spread by _____________.

Insects

Symptoms of a plant disease caused by a pathogen may be confused with the cause of ____________.

Abiotic factors

No chemical pesticides are available for directly controlling

Viruses

What are smuts, rust, and powdery mildews disease caused by?

Fungi

What are similar to fungi, but resemble algae?

Oomycetes

How can fungal spores be spread?

Water, wind, or animal

What are most severe in warm wet weather?

Bacteria

Symptoms of biotic plant disease can be caused by

Toxins, enzymes, or chemicals secreted by the pathogens

The range of plant species or varieties that the pathogen may attack.

Host range

What complicates the control of mammal pests?

Mobility, unpredictability, public perception and legal status

Most mammals require special permits for using pesticides to control, except

Mice and rats

Which control tactics should be used on most large mammals?

Scare tactics, repellants, fencing

Skunks are mostly beneficial, as they eat things that most humans considered pests.

True

What can a rodenticide be used for?

Mouse or vole control

What may cause death due to internal bleeding over the course of several days?

Rodenticides

Using pesticides to control mammals is regulated by FIFRA and may require a special permit from DATCP and/or DNR.

True

What are called meadow mice and will dig tunnels in soil where grubs and insects are available?

Voles

 Which is an option best suited to dispatching moles?

Repellants