PR1 Oral Cavity

Parts of the Nose, Mouth and Throat

Nose

Mouth

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Laryngopharynx

Larynx

Parts of the Oral Cavity

Mouth

Vestibule (space between the lips and teeth)

Oral cavity proper

Hard palate

Soft palate

Parts of the Vestibule

• inside lips and cheeks

• superficial to the teeth and alveolar arches

• contains the labial and buccal sulci

Parts of the Oral Cavity Proper

• Anterolateral: alveolar processes

• Posterior: oropharyngeal isthmus, palatoglossal folds

• Superior: hard and soft palate

• Inferior: tongue, root of tongue, alveolar lingual sulcus, mylohyoid muscle

Label the parts of the oral cavity

Label the sagittal section of the oral cavity proper

Label the cadaver view of the Oral cavity (numbers 4, 5, 8, 14, 15, 16, 17)

4) Vestibule

5) Teeth

8) genioglossus muscle

14) palate

15) oropharynx

16) pharyngeal tongue and lingual tonsils

17) epiglottis

Label the parts of the floor of the oral cavity

Mylohyoid muscle

assists in swallowing and speaking

runs transversally, connects to the mylohyoid bone

Geniohyoid muscle

runs from the inferior mental spine (genial tubercle) to the hyoid bone

assists in swallowing and depressing the mandible

Label the view (numbers 8, 9, 11, 12)

8) genioglossus muscle

9) geniohyoid muscle

11) mylohyoid muscle

12) hyoid bone

Features of the Tongue

Dorsal (upper) surface

• divided into oral (anterior 2/3) and pharyngeal (posterior 1/3)

• contains:

  • palatoglossal folds

  • sulcus terminalis

  • foramen caecum

Ventral (inferior) surface

Body: oral part of the tongue

Apex: tip of the tongue

Root: connected to hyoid bone via hyoglossus and genioglossus muscles

Lingual pailla on the oral surface of tongue

Line the surface of the tongue

Dorsal surface:

• fungiform (white circles)

• filiform (fur-like)

• vallate (mushroom-like)

Side surfaces:

• foliate (ridges)

Where are tastebuds found

Associated with all lingual papilla expect the filiform

Features of the ventral surface of the tongue

• Frenulum

• Deep lingual veins

• Fimbriated folds

• Sublingual folds

  • Sublingual papilla: medial elevation for opening of submandibular duct

  • Openings: on the sublingual gland

• Alveolar lingual sulcus: horseshoe shaped cavity posterior to the teeth and inferior to the tongue

Pharyngeal surface of tongue

extends from sulcus terminalis to the epiglottis

sulcus terminalis converge medially at the foramen caecum

contains:

• lingual tonsils

• palatoglossal fold

• palatine tonsils

• palatopharyngeal fold

• median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds

• valleculae

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Genioglossus

• runs from the genial tubercle/mental spine to the hyoid

• used for protrusion and deviation

Hyoglossus

• connects from hyoid bone to to side of bone

• depresses side of tongue for sucking and retraction

Styloglossus

• connects from styloid process to the side of tongue

• lifts tongue up and back

Palatoglossus

• runs from palatal aponeurosis to the side of the tongue

• moves tongue up

Label the bony palate (including the *)

Incisive papilla

fleshy protuberance posterior to the maxillary incisors

Ruggae

asymmetrical ridge of connective tissue located at the anterior of the hard palate

Soft Palate

contains:

• muscle

• aponeuroses for palatine muscles

• fats

• glands

Palatine Aponeursis

• thin, firm, fibrous sheet

• formed from expanded tendon of the tensor palati muscle

• provides support to the other palatine muscles to attach to

Muscles of the Palate

1. Levator Palati

   • inferomedial to the cartilaginous auditory tube

   • adjacent to the petrous temporal bone

   • moves palate up and back

2. Tensor Palati

   • adjacent to sphenoid and lateral cartilaginous auditory tube

   • tightens the palate and pulls auditory tube open

3. Palatoglossus

   • soft palate to tongue

4. Palatopharyngeus

   • soft palate pharynx

(3 and 4 depress the soft palate, narrows & shorten isthmus and pharynx)

5. Uvula

   • assists in palatopharyngeal closure