Review Lesson 6 Bio 2 Quarter 3

Digestive System

nutrients

Digestive system is simply the conversion of food into ?

Mouth

the digestive tube starts where?

Anus

the digestive tube ends where?

Digestive Glands

responsible for secretion of digestive juices containing enzymes for digestion of food

Accessory Parts

these are like lips, teeth, tongue, which aid in the physical digestion of food

Oral Cavity

first part of digestive system

stratified squamous epithelium

Oral Cavity contains ?

Salivary glands

these produce saliva which contains enzymes to breakdown carbohydrates into glucose

glucose

carbohydrates are broken down into?

Salivary glands

cleanse mouth

Salivary glands

dissolve and moisten food

Mouth

anterior opening of the tube for the entrance of food

Mouth

surrounded by lips

Chewing

? breaks the food into pieces that are more easily digested

Saliva

? mixes with food to begin the process of breaking it down into a form your body can absorb and use

Amylase

salivary enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates

Lysozyme

salivary enzymes that are active against bacteria

Tongue

house taste buds and mucus

Pharynx

connects the mouth to the esophagus and it is present to your throat

Oropharynx

posterior to the oral cavity

Laryngopharynx

continuous with the esophagus below

Laryngopharynx

common passageway for food, fluids, and air like the esophagus

Esophagus

collapsible muscular tube

Esophagus

extending from the pharynx through an opening in the diaphragm to the stomach

Hiatus

what do you call the opening in the diaphragm

25 and 0.13

the esophagus is about ? long and ? cm in diameter

mucus

esophagus secretes ?

Esophagus

facilitates passage of food

bolus

what do you call the mass of food

Voluntary Phase

bolus formed in mouth and pushed into oropharynx

Pharyngeal phase

swallowing reflex initiated when bolus stimulates receptors in oropharynx

Esophageal phase

moves food from pharynx to stomach

Peristalsis

wave-like contractions moves food through digestive tract

Stomach

a hallow organ or container that holds food while it is being mixed with enzymes that continue the process of breaking food into a usable form

Stomach

highly muscular pouch

epigastric and left hypochondriac

Stomach is found in ? portions of the abdominal activity

fundus, body, pylorus

the stomach is divided into ?

fundus

this is located in the upper portion towards the left of the stomach

body

This is the central portion of the stomach

pylorus

this is the constricted lower portion of the stomach

lesser

the upper right border of stomach has a ? curvature

greater

the lower left border of stomach has a ? curvature

Cardiac sphincter

this guard the opening of the esophagus and stomach

Pyloric sphincter

guards the opening of the pylorus into the duodenum

duodenum

stomach is where food is partially digested and stored prior to passage into the ?

Small Intestine

site of final digestion of food and absorption of digested food

Small Intestine

longest part of the digestive tube

6.1 m and 2.5 cm

Small Intestine is approximately ? in length and ? in diameter

Small Intestine

receives secretions from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Duodenum

largely responsible for the continuous breaking-down process

jejunum and ileum

mainly responsible for absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream

Duodenum

ducts for the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas enters this to provide juices that neutralizes acids coming from the stomach and helps digest proteins, carbs, and fats

Jejunum

deep red, extensive blood supply

Jejunum

peristaltic movements are rapid and vigorous

Ileum

blood supply is limited

Ileum

peristaltic movements are slower

Pancreas

secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum

Duodenum

the first segment of the small intestine

Liver

main function is to process the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine

Bile

the ? from the liver secreted into the small intestine plays an important role in digesting fat

Bile

dilutes and neutralizes stomach acid and breaks down fats

Liver

digestive and excretory functions

Liver

stores and processes nutrients

Liver

detoxified harmful chemicals

Liver

synthesizes new molecules

700 ml

The liver secretes ? of bile each day

Large intestine

muscular tube that connects the small intestine to the rectum

6 foot

Large intestine is ? long

caecum/cecum, colon, rectum

the large intestine is divided into?

caecum/cecum

first 5-7.6 cm

colon

ascending, transverse. descending, and sigmoid

rectum

17.7 or 20.3 cm

Large intestine

For water and Na+ ion absorption and temporary storage of fecal matter

Cecum

absorbs fluids and salt that remain after completion of intestinal digestion and absorption

Cecum

mix its contents with lubricating substance such as mucus

Colon

lubricate waste products

Colon

absorb remaining fluid and salts

Colon

store waste products until they are ready to be passed from the body

ascending and transverse colon

most absorption occurs in the ?

fecal mass

liquid material received from the small intestine is dehydrated to form a ?

Rectum

terminal segment of the digestive system in which feces accumulate just prior to discharge

straight

rectum in latin means ?

8 inches

rectum is ? in length

Rectum

connects the colon to the anus

Rectum

the job of this is to receive stool from the colon

Anus

Terminal opening on the digestive tube for defecation

Anus

surrounded by sphincter muscles

sphincter muscles

these are important in allowing control of stool

parotid glands

salivary glands below the ear

Submandibular gland

salivary glands located on the floor of the oral cavity close to the angel of the jaw

Sublingual gland

salivary glands located at the floor of the cavity under the tongue

Gastric Glands

microscopic glands found in the gastric mucosa

Gastric Glands

secrete gastric juice provided with enzymes

HCL and Pepsin

gastric juice contains ?

Goblet cells

microscopic unicellular gland found in the intestinal mucosa

Goblet cells

secrete intestinal juice or succus entericus with enzymes

Liver

largest gland divided into lobes

Liver

bile secretion

Liver

decontaminates various substances

Pancreas

secrete pancreatic juice and enzymes