chapter 9 cog Understanding Misinformation and Conceptual Misconceptions

Neuromyths

Commonly held false beliefs about brain function.

Intuitive misconceptions

Misunderstandings that contradict scientific concepts.

Scientific concepts

Accurate understandings based on empirical evidence.

Consistency

Alignment of new information with existing knowledge.

Coherence

Logical fit of information elements into a whole.

Source credibility

Trustworthiness of the information's origin.

Social consensus

Perception of collective belief influencing truth assessment.

Heuristics

Mental shortcuts for evaluating new information.

Integration Account

Correction requires conflict with misinformation for memory update.

Selective Retrieval Account

Misinformation can be retrieved despite being labeled false.

Refutational lectures

Present misconceptions alongside correct scientific views.

Inoculation theory

Pre-emptive exposure to misinformation builds resistance.

Pre-bunking

Providing factual information to counter misinformation in advance.

Debunking

Targeting misinformation with fact-based explanations.

Feature comparison view

Evaluates concepts based on shared features.

Distributed-only view

Concepts represented solely by distributed neural activation.

Distributed-plus-hub view

Concepts represented by both distributed activation and central hub.

Cognitive economy

Minimizing cognitive load in conceptual hierarchies.

Typicality effect

Faster recognition of typical category members.

Family resemblances

Concepts defined by overlapping features among members.

Categorization

Process of grouping objects based on shared characteristics.

Stereotypes

Oversimplified beliefs about groups of people.

Conceptual hierarchies

Levels of categorization: subordinate, basic, superordinate.