Pedia 2: Fine Motor Skills

Reach

extension and movt of arm

12 yrs

age: Mature reach with grasp

Carry

transportation of handheld object

Carry

aka moving and lifting

grasp

NAPIER Classification is for --

Non-Prehensile

NAPIER: entire hand (push, lift)

Prehensile

NAPIER: Power grasp, precision grasp

Power grasp

grasp: thumb flexed or abducted

Precision grasp

grasp: opposiiton of thumb to fingertips

Hook grasp

grasp: no thumb fxn

Power grasp

grasp: (+) tools

Lateral Prehension

grasp: to exert force on small objects

Tip Pinch

w Thumb opp: pick up small objects

Tip Pinch

w Thumb opp: sungka, beads, power chip

Palmar Pinch, Standard 2-pt

w Thumb opp: pad to pad, pincer grasp

Palmar Pinch, Standard 3-pt

w Thumb opp: tripod g, 3-jaw chuck, palmar prehension

Hook grasp

grasp: tenodesis, finger flex, wrist extend

Lateral Pinch

grasp: thumb flexion and adduction

Power Grasp

grasp: radioulnar dissociation, thumb extended and adducted

Tip Pinch

grasp: dissociation of two sides of hands

Spherical

grasp: balance control of intrinsic and extrinsic m

Cylindrical

grasp: palmar arch control

Disk

grasp: dissociation of flex and extend patterns

Voluntary release

intentional letting go

9 mos

Voluntary release matures at what age --

In-Hand Manipulation Skills

adjustment of object in hand after grasp

In-Hand Manipulation Skills

requires ability to control palmar arches

Translation

term for Finger-to-Palm and Palm-to-Finger

With Stabilization

In-Hand Manipulation: one at a time

Shift

In-Hand Manipulation: turning pages, lacing beads

2.5- 3 yo

Hand preference begins

8 yo

Hand preference matures

Simple Rot

rotation: glue bottle cap

Complex Rot

rotation: pencil w eraser facing you

Tool

device for working on something

Tool Use

purposeful goal-directed form of complex object manipulation

2 yo

Snips with scissors

2.5 yo

cuts 6" paper

3- 3.5 yo

cuts 6" line

3.5- 4 yo

cuts circle

4.5- 5 yo

cuts square

1.5 yo

spoon

2.5 yo

fork

6 yo

knife

imitates

skill required: visual perception

copying

skill required: visual perception and motor coordination

1 yo

scribble

2 yo

imitates vertical line, horizontal line, circle

3 yo

copy vertical line, horizontal line, circle

4- 5 yo

copies + / [] \ x

4- 5yo

copies name

4- 5yo

copies some numbers and some letters

5- 6 yo

copies triangle

5- 6 yo

copies most lower and uppercase letters

5-6 yo

prints name

circle

figure: egocentrism closure

cross +

figure: crossing midline, egocentrism

square

figure: closure of slides

\

figure: mechanical problem on R handedness

ekis x

figure: oblique line; crossing midline

triangle

figure: closure of slides L oblique line

kindergarten

readiness: write letters

Grade 3- 4

readiness: fluency

Grade 9

readiness: adult writing speed

Far-point Copying

skill required: visual accommodation

Dictation

skill required: auditory processing

Palmar Supinate

grip: use of SH, elbow

Primitive grip

grip: SH level; digital pronate

Transitional grip

grip: elbow level; static tripod

Mature

grip: use of thumb, index, middle, ring finger; dynamic tripod/ quadruped

Dynamic Tripod

most functional grasp

Index grip

grip: pads of thumb and index

Modified Tripod Grasp

grasp: betwn web space of 2nd and 3rd finger + pads of thumb

3 1/2 yo

unbuckle belt

4 yo

buckle belt

4 1/2 yo

belt in loops

2 1/2 yo

socks pull assisted

3 yo

sicks heels on loop

4 yo

put on socks diirectly, correctly

1 yo

pulls off, remove shoes

2 yo

removes shoes laces untied

3 yo

put on shoes wo fasteners

4 yo

laces shoes

3 1/2 yo

puts on mitten

1 yo

shirt: pulls arm out of sleeve

3 yo

zips, unzips

3 1/2 yo

unzip zipper; separate zippers

4 yo

zips correctly

4 yo

finds back and front of clothes

2 yo

removes unfastened coat

2 yo

find armholes in pullover shirt

2 1/2 yo

wears unfastened coat

3 yo

zips/ unzips tracks

3 yo

large front buttons

2 1/2 yo

removes large front buttons

2 yo

removes unfasted coat

3 yo

removes pullover w assist

4 yo

removes pullover independently

3 1/2 yo

finds front of clothes

3 1/2 yo

buttons 3- 4 buttons