The enzyme that hydrolyses the bond between the second and third phosphate in ATP.
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30\.6
The amount of kJs that one mole of ATP releases.
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Phosphorylation
The addition of phosphate to ADP.
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ATP synthetase
The enzyme that reverses ADP and an inorganic phosphate ion to ATP via a condensation reaction.
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Watson and Crick
Recieved a nobel prize for discovering the structure of DNA.
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Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
What DNA stands for.
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Nucleotide
Contains one phosphate, a sugar and an organic base.
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Polynucleotides
Multiple nucleotides held together in a strand.
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Adenine and thymine
Has two hydrogen bonds formed.
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Cytosine and guanine
Has three hydrogen bonds formed.
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Purines
What the largest bases are known as, adenine and guanine, due to their two nitrogen containing rings.
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Pyrimidines
What the smallest bases are known as, thymine and cytosine, due to their single nitrogen containing rings.
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Anti-parallel
Strands that run in opposite directions
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Ribonucleic acid
What RNA stands for.
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Uracil
Replaces thymine in RNA.
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Messenger RNA
What mRNA stands for.
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Transfer RNA
What tRNA stands for.
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Ribosomal RNA
What rRNA stands for.
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Cloverleaf
The shape tRNA creates.
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Semi-conservative
Replication used by DNA.
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DNA helicase
Enzyme used to split the hydrogen bonds between the bases.
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DNA polymerase
Matches and lays down nucleotides to build the new daughter strand.
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DNA ligase
Binds together DNA fragments by forming phosphate bridges.
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Meselson and Stahl
Proved semi-conservative replication.
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N14
Nitrogen isotope used in normal DNA.
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Filial
What F stands for in genetics, e.g. F1, F2.
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Exergonic
Reaction that releases energy.
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Endergonic
Reaction that takes in energy.
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Triplet code
A code of three bases that codes for a specific amino acid.
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Codon
Term for one triplet code.
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Degenerate
Term that means some amino acids can have more than one triplet code.
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Met
Start code.
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Transcription
The creation of mRNA using a template strand of DNA.
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Translation
Creation of a polypeptide chain using mRNA and tRNA.
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RNA polymerase
Forms bonds between ribonucleotides aligned at the template strand.
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Exons
Parts of a DNA strand that code for polypeptides.
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Introns
Parts of a DNA strand that do not code for polypeptides.
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Endonucleases
Used by RNA polymerase to remove introns.
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Anti-codons
Complementary amino acids that correspond to a codon.
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Initiation
Phase of translation where codon and anti-codons meet and create hydrogen bonds.
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Elongation
Phase of translation where peptide bonds are catalysed and the tRNA detaches for another to take its place.
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Amino acid activation
Process in which an amino acid binds to tRNA, requires ATP.
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Termination
Phase of translation where the ribosome-mRNA-polypeptide complex separates.
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Polysome
When multiple ribosomes are attached to one mRNA strand, each producing a separate polypeptide.
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One gene one-polypeptide
Hypothesis that explains how DNA encodes information.
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Density gradient centrifugation
Process used by Meselson and Stahl to prove semi-conservative replication, where tubes are spun and viewed under UV light and move depending on their density in the caesium chloride solution.
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Caesium chloride
Solution used by Meselson and Stahl in the density gradient centrifugation to prove semi-conservative replication.
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Adenine and guanine
The purines - the two largest bases due to their two nitrogen containing rings.
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Cytosine and thymine
The pyrimidines - the two smallest bases due to their single nitrogen containing ring.
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Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar and a phosphate group
What do all nucleotides contain?
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Pre-mRNA
What a mRNA strand is known as before the introns are removed.
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