HIST 1301-FINAL

1. The isolation of the Gullah people on the sea islands of South Carolina allowed them to:**

A. successfully stage the first slave revolt.

B. organize the first abolitionist movement.

C. retain more of their African culture than other enslaved populations.

D. establish large-scale indigo production.

C. retain more of their African culture than other enslaved populations.

2. Christianity was introduced to enslaved African Americans primarily by whites to make them:**

A. better educated.

B. obedient workers.

C. religious leaders.

D. proponents of emancipation.

B. obedient workers.

3. The US South’s entry into the global cotton market transformed slavery into the central cultural and political identity of the “Slave South” from what system?**

A. A financial investment system.

B. A temporary labor system.

C. a declining regional labor system

D. A social welfare system.

C. a declining regional labor system

4. The rebellion led by Nat Turner in 1831 resulted in:**

A. the passage of the Wilmot Proviso.

B. widespread fear in South America.

C. the end of slavery in Virginia.

D. the adoption of personal liberty laws.

B

5. Celia, an enslaved woman, killed her enslaver, Robert Newsom, after suffering repeated assaults, and was subsequently:**

A. freed by the Supreme Court.

B. sold to a plantation in Texas.

C. hanged for her action.

D. exiled to the North.

C. hanged for her action.

6. What was the Wilmot Proviso (1846)?**

A. A law that established "popular sovereignty" in Kansas.

B. A successful agreement to ban the slave trade in D.C.

C. An unsuccessful proposal to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico.

D. The first tariff passed to benefit Northern industry.

C. An unsuccessful proposal to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico.

Which three Senators are specifically mentioned as major components in crafting the Compromise of 1850?**

A. John C. Calhoun, Jefferson Davis, and Stephen Douglas.

B. Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and Stephen Douglas.

C. James Buchanan, Henry Clay, and John Brown.

D. Stephen Douglas, Zachary Taylor, and Daniel Webster.

B. Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and Stephen Douglas.

Which two Southern Senators fought against the Compromise of 1850?**

A. John C. Calhoun and Jefferson Davis.

B. Henry Clay and Daniel Webster.

C. John Brown and Stephen Douglas.

D. Roger B. Taney and James Buchanan.

A. John C. Calhoun and Jefferson Davis.

9. Which of the following was NOT one of the four major components of the Compromise of 1850?**

A. California admitted as a free state.

B. Slavery ended completely in D.C.

C. Toughened Federal Fugitive Slave Act.

D. "Popular Sovereignty" to decide slavery in the rest of the Mexican Cession.

B. Slavery ended completely in D.C.

10. At the Second Nashville Convention, Southern leaders, including Jefferson Davis, threatened:**

A. secession.

B. armed resistance against the federal army.

C. civil disobedience.

D. to impeach President Millard Fillmore.

A. secession.

11. The celebrated case of Anthony Burns illustrated opposition to which specific law?**

A. The Kansas-Nebraska Act.

B. The Missouri Compromise.

C. The Wilmot Proviso.

D. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.

D. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.

12. The principle that all political power is vested in and derived from the people, which was used to decide the future of slavery in the remaining territories of the Mexican Cession, is known as:**

A. Popular Sovereignty.

B. Constitutional Republicanism.

C. Federal Mandate.

D. States' Rights.

A. Popular Sovereignty.

13. What influential anti-slavery novel, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852, fueled sectional tensions?

A. The Liberator.

B. The Impending Crisis of the South.

C. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass.

D. Uncle Tom's Cabin.

D. Uncle Tom's Cabin.

14. The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) effectively repealed the:**

A. Fugitive Slave Act.

B. Compromise of 1850.

C. Missouri Compromise.

D. Thirteenth Amendment.

C. Missouri Compromise.

The period immediately following the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1856 is referred to as:**

A. The Great Migration.

B. Bleeding Kansas-Bleeding Sumner.

C. The Second Great Awakening.

D. The Panic of 1857.

B. Bleeding Kansas-Bleeding Sumner.

16. Who won the presidential election of 1856?**

A. Frémont (Republican).

B. Fillmore (Know Nothing).

C. Buchanan (Democrat).

D. Lincoln (Republican).

C. Buchanan (Democrat).

17. The Dred Scott case (1857) involved Chief Justice:

A. Roger B. Taney.

B. John Marshall.

C. John Jay.

D. Salmon P. Chase.

A. Roger B. Taney.

18. John Brown's raid in 1859 targeted an armory in:**

A. Richmond, Virginia.

B. Charleston, South Carolina.

C. Harpers Ferry, Virginia.

D. Baltimore, Maryland.

C. Harpers Ferry, Virginia.

19. What was the central contentious issue regarding the annexation of Texas?**

A. The debate over slavery.

B. Control of the port of New Orleans.

C. Disputes over indigenous territories.

D. Economic competition with Mexico.

A. The debate over slavery.

20. The sparsely populated area between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande claimed by both Mexico and the US was known as the:**

A. Gadsden Purchase.

B. Oregon Territory.

C. Nueces Strip.

D. Arizona Gap.

C. Nueces Strip.

21. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo resulted in the US gaining territory that would eventually form which of the following states/regions?**

A. California, Utah, and Nevada.

B. Oregon and Washington.

C. Florida and Louisiana.

D. Alaska and Hawaii.

A. California, Utah, and Nevada.

22. Frederick Douglass’s career as an advocate for the enslaved was launched by his autobiography, published in 1845, titled:**

A. The Black Republic.

B. My Bondage and My Freedom.

C. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass.

D. What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?

C. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass.

23. James Buchanan's administration was accused of being under the influence of the:**

A. Republican Party.

B. Slave Power.

C. Whig Moderates.

D. Know Nothing Party.

B. Slave Power.

24. The Secession crisis leading up to the Civil War was triggered by the election of which president?**

A. James Buchanan in 1856.

B. Abraham Lincoln in 1860.

C. Franklin Pierce in 1852.

D. John C. Frémont in 1856.

B. Abraham Lincoln in 1860.

25. Which list contains states identified as the crucial slaveholding Border States that remained loyal to the Union?**

A. Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, and West Virginia.

B. North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama.

C. Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, and Virginia.

D. Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and New York.

A. Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, and West Virginia.

26. The Confederates referred to the First Battle of Bull Run (21 July 1861) as:**

A. The Battle of First Manassas.

B. The Battle of Shiloh.

C. The Battle of the Wilderness.

D. The Battle of Petersburg.

A. The Battle of First Manassas.

27. Who was the Union's lead commander who led the unsuccessful Peninsula Campaign against Richmond in 1862?**

A. U.S. Grant.

B. William T. Sherman.

C. George B. McClellan.

D. Joseph Hooker.

C. George B. McClellan.

28. The Battle of Antietam (September 17, 1862) was strategically important because it:**

A. allowed the Confederacy to secure British intervention.

B. was the final battle of the war.

C. halted the Confederacy's first invasion of the North and provided the advantage needed to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.

D. resulted in the capture of Robert E. Lee.

C. halted the Confederacy's first invasion of the North and provided the advantage needed to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.

29. When was the Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Lincoln?**

A. July 4, 1863.

B. September 17, 1862.

C. January 1, 1863.

D. December 31, 1864.

C. January 1, 1863.

30. Which general led the Union Army to victory by implementing an aggressive, coordinated strategy that pressured the Confederacy on multiple fronts?*

A. George B. McClellan.

B. William T. Sherman.

C. Robert E. Lee.

D. U.S. Grant.

D. U.S. Grant.

31. The Battle of Vicksburg, which took place from May 18th to July 4th, 1863, secured Union control of the city in:**

A. Mississippi.

B. Georgia.

C. Tennessee.

D. Alabama.

A. Mississippi.

During his "March to the Sea," William T. Sherman's men aimed to destroy everything of military value across what width of front?**

A. Ten miles wide.

B. Twenty-five miles wide.

C. Fifty miles wide.

D. One hundred miles wide.

C. Fifty miles wide.

33. Sherman's definition of "military value" explicitly included which two items?**

A. Crops and livestock.

B. Factories and railroads.

C. Churches and schools.

D. Government documents and printing presses.

A. Crops and livestock.

34. Who was the Confederate general that Sherman faced in the Carolina Campaigns?**

A. Robert E. Lee.

B. P.G.T. Beauregard.

C. Joseph E. Johnston.

D. James Longstreet.

C. Joseph E. Johnston.

35. Where did the surrender of Robert E. Lee to U.S. Grant take place?**

A. Appomattox Court House, VA.

B. Atlanta, GA.

C. Bentonville, NC.

D. Vicksburg, MS.

A. Appomattox Court House, VA.

36. A key term of surrender for Robert E. Lee’s troops allowed Confederate officers to keep their:**

A. sidearms and private horses.

B. personal land holdings.

C. Titles and ranks.

D. company flags and banners.

A. sidearms and private horses.

37. Which amendment, ratified in 1865, abolished slavery in the United States?**

A. Thirteenth Amendment.

B. Fourteenth Amendment.

C. Fifteenth Amendment.

D. Twelfth Amendment.

A. Thirteenth Amendment.

38. The Fourteenth Amendment (1868) focused primarily on:**

A. establishing voting rights for all men.

B. granting citizenship and equality to "All persons born or naturalized in the United States."

C. prohibiting secession.

D. defining "military value."

B. granting citizenship and equality to "All persons born or naturalized in the United States."

39. The Fifteenth Amendment (1870) prohibited denying a citizen the right to vote based on:**

A. age or income.

B. criminal record or literacy

C. gender or property ownership.

D. Race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

D. Race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

40. The 17th President of the United States, who served from 1865 to 1869, was:**

A. Abraham Lincoln.

B. Rutherford B. Hayes.

C. Andrew Johnson.

D. Ulysses S. Grant.

C. Andrew Johnson.

41. The period known as Congressional Reconstruction (1867-1877) began when the U.S. Congress took control of the process to ensure the rights of:**

A. military veterans.

B. formerly enslaved people.

C. Confederate leaders.

D. white Southern landowners.

B. formerly enslaved people.

42. The Reconstruction Act of 1867 divided the South into:**

A. states under military governorship.

B. five military districts.

C. five territorial zones.

D. zones of federal protection.

B. five military districts.

43. Who became the first African American to sit in the U.S. Senate?**

A. Frederick Douglass.

B. Nat Turner.

C. Anthony Burns.

D. Hiram Revels.

D. Hiram Revels.

44. The Compromise of 1877, an informal agreement to settle the 1876 presidential election, marked:**

A. the start of the Civil War.

B. the ratification of the 15th Amendment.

C. the end of the Reconstruction era.

D. the adoption of the Emancipation Proclamation.

C. the end of the Reconstruction era.

45. President John Tyler initiated the annexation process for Texas in which year?**

A. 1842.

B. 1846.

C. 1845.

D. 1850.

A. 1842.

Which candidate in the 1856 election was identified with the Know Nothing or "American" party?**

A. Frémont.

B. Buchanan.

C. Fillmore.

D. Lincoln.

C. Fillmore.

47. According to the text, how long did Anthony Burns’s legal struggle and subsequent return to slavery cost the federal government?**

A. $1,300.

B. Over $40,000.

C. $15 million.

D. $306.

B. Over $40,000.

48. James Buchanan supported which pro-slavery measure for Kansas, despite evidence of voter fraud?**

A. The Topeka Constitution.

B. The Lecompton Constitution.

C. The Missouri Compromise.

D. The Kansas-Nebraska Act.

B. The Lecompton Constitution.

49. The debates over the Compromise of 1850 were so intense that the divisions devolved into:

A. a congressional walkout by Southern members.

B. an armed standoff outside the White House.

C. Fistfight and draws guns on the floor of Congress.

D. the immediate resignation of the Speaker of the House.

C. Fistfight and draws guns on the floor of Congress.

50. The Army of Northern Virginia was the field army for the:*

A. Union in the Western Theater.

B. Confederate States Army in the Eastern Theater.

C. Union in the Peninsula Campaign.

D. United States Army after 1865.

B. Confederate States Army in the Eastern Theater.

Which school of thought dominated mainstream academic history regarding slavery from the 1890s to the 1920s?

A. The Revisionist School

B. The Marxist School

C. The Dunning School

D. The Reconstructionist School

C. The Dunning School

U.B. Phillips portrayed the plantation system as:

A. A brutal, capitalistic venture

B. A benign, paternalistic institution

C. A system on the verge of collapse

D. A historically inaccurate myth

B. A benign, paternalistic institution

Which African American scholar challenged the paternalistic view of slavery in the early 20th century?

A. Frederick Douglass

B. Booker T. Washington

C. W.E.B. Du Bois

D. Hiram Revels

C. W.E.B. Du Bois

What was the primary focus of "The Old Revisionists" (1940s–1950s)?

A. The cultural resilience of enslaved people

B. The sheer brutality and damage of slavery

C. The economic benefits of the cotton gin

D. Defending the Confederacy

B. The sheer brutality and damage of slavery

Who wrote The Peculiar Institution?

A. Stanley Elkins

B. Kenneth Stampp

C. John Blassingame

D. U.B. Phillips

B. Kenneth Stampp

"The New Revisionists" (1970s–Present) focused primarily on:

A. Enslaved people as victims of brutality

B. The agency and cultural resilience of enslaved people

C. The legal framework of slave codes

D. The military history of the Civil War

B. The agency and cultural resilience of enslaved people

Which historian wrote Roll, Jordan Roll?

A. Herbert Gutman

B. Lawrence Levine

C. Eugene Genovese

D. John Blassingame

C. Eugene Genovese

Which invention revolutionized the profitability of slavery, making it the "final system" of the South?

A. The Cotton Gin

B. The Steam Engine

C. The Spinning Jenny

D. The Power Loom

A. The Cotton Gin

On the eve of the Civil War in 1860, what percentage of white southern families owned enslaved people?

A. 10%

B. 25%

C. 50%

D. 75%

B. 25%

"Fictive kin" refers to:

A. Blood relatives separated by sale

B. Strong bonds formed between enslaved people and non-relatives

C. The relationship between enslavers and the enslaved

D. Children born on plantations

B. Strong bonds formed between enslaved people and non-relatives

Where was the "Gullah" culture and language primarily located?

A. The Mississippi Delta

B. The mountains of Virginia

C. The Sea Islands and coastal regions of the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida

D. New Orleans, Louisiana

C. The Sea Islands and coastal regions of the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida

How did enslaved communities interpret Christian scripture differently than white enslavers?

A. They saw themselves as "Egypt" and enslavers as "Israel"

B. They believed slavery was God's will

C. They saw themselves as God’s people ("Israel") and enslavers as sinners ("Egypt")

D. They rejected Christianity entirely

C. They saw themselves as God’s people ("Israel") and enslavers as sinners ("Egypt")

Why did politicians fear the annexation of Texas?

A. It would provoke a war with France

B. Texas had too much debt

C. It would disrupt the balance between free and slave states

D. Texas refused to join the Union

C. It would disrupt the balance between free and slave states

Which President initiated the annexation process for Texas in 1842?

A. James K. Polk

B. John Tyler

C. Andrew Jackson

D. Martin Van Buren

B. John Tyler

James K. Polk won the presidency on a platform of:

A. Abolishing slavery

B. Avoiding war with Mexico

C. Westward expansion

D. Improving relations with Britain

C. Westward expansion

The "Nueces Strip" was the disputed territory between:

A. The Nueces River and the Rio Grande

B. Texas and Louisiana

C. California and Mexico

D. The United States and Canada

A. The Nueces River and the Rio Grande

Who did President Polk send to Mexico City to purchase the Nueces Strip?

A. Zachary Taylor

B. John Slidell

C. Stephen Austin

D. Winfield Scott

B. John Slidell

Under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the U.S. paid Mexico:

A. $15 million

B. $10 million

C. $5 million

D. $25 million

A. $15 million

Frederick Douglass escaped from slavery in:

A. 1831

B. 1837

C. 1845

D. 1850

B. 1837

"Unionist southerners" were most common in:

A. The Deep South

B. "Upcountry" regions where slavery was less prevalent

C. Coastal cities

D. Large plantation districts

B. "Upcountry" regions where slavery was less prevalent

"Bread riots" in Confederate cities were primarily led by:

A. Union soldiers

B. Enslaved men

C. Confederate women

D. Foreign merchants

C. Confederate women

Abraham Lincoln ran for reelection in 1864 under which party name?

A. Republican Party

B. Whig Party

C. National Union Party

D. Free Soil Party

C. National Union Party

Who was the Democratic nominee for President in 1864?

A. Andrew Johnson

B. George B. McClellan

C. George H. Pendleton

D. Clement Vallandigham

B. George B. McClellan

George B. McClellan was considered a:

A. "Peace Democrat"

B. "War Democrat"

C. "Radical Republican"

D. "Copperhead"

B. "War Democrat"

How did Union troops vote in the 1864 election?

A. Overwhelmingly for McClellan

B. Evenly split

C. Overwhelmingly for Lincoln

D. They were not allowed to vote

C. Overwhelmingly for Lincoln

How many electoral votes did McClellan win in 1864?

A. 12

B. 21

C. 174

D. 212

B. 21

"Black Codes" were passed by southern states to:

A. Guarantee voting rights for freedmen

B. Maintain white supremacy and ensure a cheap labor supply

C. Comply with the 14th Amendment

D. Distribute land to former slaves

B. Maintain white supremacy and ensure a cheap labor supply

Scientists referred to the Black Codes as:

A. "Necessary evil"

B. "Slavery by another name"

C. "A temporary measure"

D. "Economic reconstruction"

B. "Slavery by another name"

What did "Vagrancy laws" criminalize?

A. Owning firearms

B. Unemployment

C. Voting

D. Moving to the North

B. Unemployment

The "Lost Cause narrative" claimed the Civil War was fought over:

A. Slavery

B. States' rights

C. Economic tariffs

D. Territorial expansion

B. States' rights

The Ku Klux Klan was founded in 1866 in which state?

A. Mississippi

B. South Carolina

C. Tennessee

D. Georgia

C. Tennessee

The KKK targeted which groups?

A. Black voters and white Republicans

B. Confederate veterans

C. Democratic politicians

D. Plantation owners

A. Black voters and white Republicans

Which acts were passed by the federal government to prosecute Klan crimes?

A. The Black Codes

B. The Enforcement Acts (1870–1871)

C. The Fugitive Slave Acts

D. The Civil Rights Act of 1866

B. The Enforcement Acts (1870–1871)

The "Dunning School" was associated with which university?

A. Harvard

B. Yale

C. Columbia

D. Princeton

C. Columbia

Who is the author of The Souls of Black Folk?

A. Frederick Douglass

B. W.E.B. Du Bois

C. Harriet Beecher Stowe

D. Nat Turner

B. W.E.B. Du Bois

In the 1856 election, Frémont received how many votes in ten of the fourteen slave states?

A. Zero

B. 1,000

C. 10,000

D. A majority

A. Zero

How many days did the Battle of Antietam last?

A. Three days

B. One day

C. One week

D. One month

B. One day

Freedmen without proof of work under Vagrancy laws could be:

A. Given a job by the government

B. Arrested, fined, and forced into labor contracts

C. Deported

D. Given a train ticket north

B. Arrested, fined, and forced into labor contracts

"Nightriders" was a term used to describe members of:

A. The Union Cavalry

B. The Ku Klux Klan

C. The Underground Railroad

D. The Texas Rangers

B. The Ku Klux Klan

Who wrote Black Culture and Black Consciousness?

A. Herbert Gutman

B. Lawrence Levine

C. Eugene Genovese

D. Kenneth Stampp

B. Lawrence Levine

Texas accepted the offer of annexation on which date?

A. July 4, 1845

B. March 3, 1845

C. December 29, 1845

D. January 1, 1846

A. July 4, 1845

Who was the Democratic Vice Presidential nominee in 1864?

A. Andrew Johnson

B. George H. Pendleton

C. Hannibal Hamlin

D. Jefferson Davis

B. George H. Pendleton

How much money did abolitionists pay to redeem Anthony Burns?

A. $40,000

B. $1,300

C. $500

D. $10,000

B. $1,300

The "Copperheads" were also known as:

A. War Democrats

B. Peace Democrats

C. Radical Republicans

D. Unionists

B. Peace Democrats

What city fell to Union forces on September 1, 1864?

A. Richmond

B. Vicksburg

C. Atlanta

D. Savannah

C. Atlanta

What percentage of the popular vote did Lincoln receive in 1864?

A. 44.9%

B. 50.1%

C. 55.1%

D. 60.5%

C. 55.1%

Hiram Revels is famous for being:

A. The first African American U.S. Senator

B. The leader of the Harpers Ferry raid

C. The author of Uncle Tom's Cabin

D. A Confederate general

A. The first African American U.S. Senator

Which Amendment abolished slavery?

A. 12th

B. 13th

C. 14th

D. 15th

B. 13th