Ch 18 Learning Objectives

Cardiovascular System: Blood

18.1.1 Describe the general functions of blood.

18.1.2 List six characteristics that describe blood, and explain the significance of each to health and homeostasis.

18.1.3 List the three components of a centrifuged blood sample.

18.1.4 Define hematocrit, and explain how the medical definition differs from the clinical usage.

18.1.5 Name the three formed elements of the blood, and compare their relative abundance.

18.2.6 Define colloid osmotic pressure, and explain how plasma protein levels affect colloid osmotic pressure.

18.2.7 List the major types of plasma proteins, and explain the general function of each.

18.2.8 List the major solutes found in plasma.

18.3.9 Explain the general process of hematopoiesis, including the name of the hematopoietic stem cell and the substances (CSFs) involved in hematopoiesis.

18.3.10 Describe the process of erythropoiesis.

18.3.11 Compare the production of granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes in leukopoiesis.

18.3.12 Summarize the process by which platelets are formed in thrombopoiesis.

18.3.13 Describe the structure of erythrocytes.

18.3.14 List the events by which erythrocyte production is stimulated.

18.3.15 Explain the process by which erythrocyte components are recycled.

18.3.16 Compare and contrast the different blood types and their importance when transfusing blood.

18.3.17 Explain the main function of leukocytes.

18.3.18 Distinguish between granulocytes and agranulocytes, and compare and contrast the various types with respect to structure, abundance, and function

18.3.19 Explain what is meant by a differential count and how it is clinically useful.

18.3.20 Describe the structure and function of platelets.

18.4.21 Explain vascular spasm (the first phase of hemostasis), and name conditions that bring about vascular spasm.

18.4.22 Describe what happens when platelets encounter damage in a blood vessel.

18.4.23 Define coagulation, and list the substances involved in coagulation.

18.4.24 Compare and contrast the intrinsic pathway and the extrinsic pathway for activating blood clotting.

18.4.25 Describe events in the common pathway.

18.4.26 Explain the sympathetic response to blood loss when blood loss exceeds 10%.

18.4.27 Explain the processes of clot retraction and fibrinolysis.

18.5.28 Describe when and how the formed elements of blood are synthesized in the embryo, fetus, childhood, and adulthood.

18.5.29 List some conditions that occur with the red bone marrow and blood in the elderly.