Applied - Handout 1

tourism industry

comprises organizations involved in the production and distribution of travel and tourism products.

transportation

accommodation

attraction

food and beverages

intermediaries

leisure

umbrella industry with a complex distribution chain

Information technology

is defined as the collective term given to the most recent development in the mode (electronics) and machines (computers and communication technology) used for acquisition, processing, analysis, storage, retrieval, dissemination, and application of information

info-structure

that supports internal and external processes in tourism organizations

disintermediation

re-intermediation

metamediaries

Travel Distribution (3)

disintermediation

or the elimination of intermediaries in the conduct of tourism transactions.

re-intermediation

as new intermediaries (such as online travel agencies [OTAs]) emerged that handle tourism transactions, although several large hotel providers have chosen not to participate in this form of distribution.

metamediaries

that form strategic alliances with suppliers and provide consumers with opportunities to simultaneously search the databases of their partners

Dynamic packaging

• is another technology-based development disrupting established relationships among tourism service providers

• involves the assembly of various travel products and service components into one (1) package at the moment of request.

website marketing

destination marketing organization

Tourism Marketing (2)

Website marketing

has become an essential component of tourism marketing.

Destination marketing organizations

are particularly affected by technological developments.

Web 2.0 technologies

which are based on user-generated content and social networking applications that provide tourism marketers with increasing challenges

Consumer reviews

blogs

can easily damage costly branding strategies employed by tourism marketers.

Web 2.0 marketing

For example, JetBlue Airways, a New York’s hometown airline and a leading carrier in Boston, asks consumers to submit their stories online or visit their touring JetBlue Story Booth to make a recording

Pre-consumption

Internet technologies are used to obtain information necessary for planning travels, formulating correct expectations, and evaluating and selecting alternatives, as well as to communicate with providers of tourism products and services to prepare or execute transactions

virtual tours

with their ability to represent tourism products and services in more realistic and dynamic ways than other promotional materials

new generation of 3D applications

offers virtual worlds that have a greater potential of immersing the user and creating telepresence

Online customer support technology

which allows consumers to contact suppliers or distributors of tourism products if they need additional information or other forms of assistance

Consumption

Internet technologies are used during the actual trip mainly for travelers to stay connected and obtain relevant en-route information at a specific place and moment in time for decision-making and on-site transactions

En route Internet access

means anywhereand-anytime availability of tourism-related information for consumers.

Mobile technologies

play an important role in this sense due to their ability to provide travelers with wireless and instantaneous Internet access

Cellular phones

supported through a wireless application protocol (WAP), global system for mobile communication (GSM), and short message service (SMS) allow travelers to take full advantage of the Internet while on the road.

real-time location-based services

Empowered by geographical information systems (GIS) and global positioning system technology (GPS), in combination with information available on the Internet, these advanced mobile applications identify the traveler′s location to generate personalized assistance in the form of location-specific and time sensitive information.

Post-consumption

Internet technologies are used in ways that allow sharing, documenting, storing, and reliving tourism experiences

Virtual travel communities and social media

are examples of Internet applications that provide consumers with support during the post-consumption phase

pre consumption

consumption

post consumption

stages of consumption